Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone - IRIT

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1 Fig. 77 — Core tablet and rejuvenation flake. 1 : total rejuvenation of a striking or pressure platform acheived through the removal of a core tablet. 2 : partial rejuvenation of a striking or pressure platform requiring only the removal of a flake. REJUVENATION. A general term, which describes the action of making an edge or a ridge sharper, of rejuvenating a surface. The term applies particularly to a preparation of the core during debitage, which may become necessary when the condition of the striking or pressure platform precludes the debitage from being continued. The operation consists in removing the striking or pressure platform, by means of a single thick removal (rejuvenatio n cor e tablet ) (fig. 77 : 1), or of several thinner rejuvenation flakes (fig. 77 : 2), stemming from the flaked surfaces. REJUVENATION CORE TABLET. A flake characteristic of the renovation of the strik 1 5 3 ing or pressure platform of a core . The upper face of a first rejuvenation core tablet thus shows the negative marks of the preparation of a striking or pressure platform, and the butt consists of part of the flaked surfaces (fig. 77 : 1). It is sometimes necessary to remove a second flake of the same type. Its upper face thus shows the removal negative of the first rejuvenation core tablet, and the butt also consists of part of the flaked surfaces. This accounts for the often thick edges of rejuvenation core tablets, 153 Hamal Nandrin, Servais, 1921. 2 and for their polygonal shape. In some 1 5 4 industries, the Omalian for instance, rejuvenation core tablets are as a rule repeatedly removed on blade cores. REMOVAL. 1. A general term denoting the action of removing part of a hard stone during intentional flaking. 2. For the sake of convenience, the term also denotes negativ e traces left by this action. RETOUCH. A retouch is a removal or a series of specific removals carried out for the purpose of obtaining a tool. Retouching is thus the structuring, sculpting and intentional transformation of a blank, whether or no this blank be a debitage product. The retouches - or retouch - are the marks left by this action. A retouch can be defined by a set of characteristics (ch. 5). RESHARPENING. See sharpening . RIDGE. A general morphological term, which denotes the intersection of several surfaces (especially two) forming dihedral angles. For instance the ridge of a handaxe, the ridge of a crest, etc. 154 Cahen et al„ 1979. 153
0 1 cm Fig. 78 — Proximal fragments of pressure-flaked obsidian bladelets, showing more (2, 3) or less (1) invasive traces of rubbing down on their upper faces, Obeid, Tell el Oueili, Irak. RIPPLES. Concentric waves of variable length and amplitude spreading from the impact point, and resulting from the propagation of the fracture front; they are often visible on the lower faces of flakes, and can also be observed on the removal negatives (fig. 5). In the absence of the butt/bulb part, they indicate the direction of knapping. Note : ripples may not be perceptible on very homogeneous, non-vitreous raw materials, and direction of knapping may be impossible to determine on heterogeneous raw materials owing to distorted ripples. In all cases, hackles remain the most relevant clues to the orientation of debitage products. ROUGHOUT. Rough and still imperfect form given to a three-dimensional artefact. This term is used almost exclusively for bifacial tools obtained through shaping . Sound arguments, entailing an in-depth technological analysis, are necessary to demonstrate that an object is yet uncompleted, and is therefore still a roughout. In the past, such objects have been very rashly interpreted. 154 RUBBED DOWN . Applies to surfaces worn off through abrasion. Refers specifically to a technique used on some obsidian cores to prepare the pressure platform, and thus prevent the tool from slipping on the vitreous rock during debitage (fig. 78). It is widely documented in Central America for the Prehispanic period, and is also known in the East and the Far East (Yubetsu and Shirataki methods from Japan, etc.). s SCALED. A term describing the morphol - ogy of removals (fig. 70 : 1). SECTION. A section is the representation of the virtual surface created by a plane sectioning an object (fig. 44c), whereas a section view represents the parts of the object situated both at and behind the sectioning plane (fig. 44b). SEMI-ABRUPT. A term referring to the angle o f retouc h or removal (fig. 56 : 3).
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Technology and Terminology of Knapp
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In the same collection Préhistoire
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Authors Marie-Louise Inizan*, Mich
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Chapter 4 : Debitage 59 The core De
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List o f illustration s Fig. 1 Raw
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Foreword Many students and research
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Why? Technology has its place withi
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In blade debitage 17 , for instance
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Chapter 1 Raw material s Knapped ha
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2. Knappin g suitability o f hard r
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• A single block of raw material
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Raw material procuremen t strategie
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unmodified block roughed ou t or pr
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Knapping, shaping, flaking, retouch
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could not be reached with such othe
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ipples, hackles (see p. 142). Parad
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• Languette 31 breaks occurring o
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- distinguish intentional from unin
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Fig. 9 — Blade debitage carried o
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Chapter 3 Shaping We use the term s
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to another in the course of roughin
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Fig. 13 — Example of bifacial sha
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aspects be from now on taken into c
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Polyhedral and spheroidal shaping a
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Fig. 18 — Preforms. 1 : experimen
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(fig. 18 : 3), using indirect percu
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As a rule, the part played by shapi
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study should not be dissociated fro
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Fig. 21 62 1 — Relatively simple
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Fig. 22 — Volumetric representati
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66 Fig. 23 — Levallois debitage o
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1. Recurrent unipolar Levallois met
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0 1 2 3 9 Fig. 26 — Various examp
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72 Fig. 28 — Phonolite cleaver on
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In the repeated production of blade
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Indirect percussion Strangely enoug
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Fig. 31 — Pressure debitage of bl
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method was invented in a Sibero-Mon
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These seven characteristics, as wel
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If the microburin blow has removed
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Fig. 34 — Various examples of spe
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Chapter 6 Technology a s a means to
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1. Observation o f surface conditio
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3. Framework fo r th e readin g o f
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Fig. 36 — Refitting. Centripetal
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hammer, the stability of the core o
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Only the major milestones in the co
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Chapter 7 0 I ~"~2 3 4 o Graphic re
Page 104 and 105: 103 Fig. 37 — Acheulean handaxe,
Page 106 and 107: Fig. 39 — Pressure-flaked bladele
Page 108 and 109: Fig. 41 — Examples of orientation
Page 110 and 111: 1 I Fig. 43 — Two layouts of view
Page 112 and 113: 4. Graphi c desig n an d techniqu e
Page 114 and 115: Fig. 46 — Tracing the outline and
Page 116 and 117: Fig. 47 — Uncompleted laurel leaf
Page 118 and 119: Fig. 48 — Graphical treatment of
Page 120 and 121: Fig. 50 — Large convex Mousterian
Page 122 and 123: 6. Symbol s Although multiple views
Page 124 and 125: Clean breaks are indicated by two s
Page 126 and 127: Fig. 54 — Schematic representatio
Page 128: indicated by numbered arrows. The p
Page 131 and 132: ANVIL. A block of relatively hard s
Page 133 and 134: produced at the very moment the fla
Page 135 and 136: Fig. 60 — Inclination of a burin
Page 137 and 138: Fig. 62 — Various types of butts.
Page 139 and 140: If the morphology of the raw materi
Page 141 and 142: 7 8 9 11 1 2 13 1 4 1 5 Fig. 65 —
Page 143 and 144: - or from a cobble, a slab, a core,
Page 145 and 146: INVERSE. A term defining a position
Page 147 and 148: distinguish the types of certain to
Page 149 and 150: Fig. 72 — The stone-knapper's set
Page 151 and 152: 5 Fig. 74 — Various examples of p
Page 153: 1 2 3 Fig. 75 — Position of remov
Page 157 and 158: conventionally applied to "the fash
Page 160 and 161: AKAZAWA T., ODA S., YAMANAKA I. 198
Page 162 and 163: CRABTREE D.E. 1966 A stone worker's
Page 164 and 165: LAPLACE G. 1964 Essai de typologie
Page 166 and 167: SEMENOV S. A. 1964 Prehistoric tech
Page 168: Multilingual vocabulary
Page 171 and 172: pressure platfor m : proximal: f i
Page 173 and 174: ENGLISH : FRENCH abrasion : abrasio
Page 175 and 176: Levallois (méthode, éclat, etc.)
Page 177 and 178: punctiform : punktförmi g refittin
Page 179 and 180: ENGLISH : GREEK translated by A. Mo
Page 181 and 182: epiklinήV (epexergasίa) : low ang
Page 183 and 184: punch : punzone punctiform : puntif
Page 185 and 186: ENGLISH : PORTUGUESE translated by
Page 187 and 188: face : fac e faceta: buri n face t
Page 189 and 190: pressure platform : plano de presi
Page 192: LOUIS-JEAN avenue d'Embrun, 05003 G
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Technology and Terminology of Knapped Stone - IRIT

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