Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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200 Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands glabrous, the venation flat; lower surface pale green, dull, glabrous or puberulous, with a prominent midvein; petioles 1-1.5 mm long, slender, cylindrical, glabrous. Flowers solitary or in simple cymes, axillary; peduncles slender, 2.5- 4 cm long. Calyx green, the sepals unequal, oblong or ovate-oblong, 4-10 mm long, the two outer ones smaller, obtuse-truncate at the apex; corolla white or pale yellow, campanulate, 1-2 cm long, the limb with 5 deep lobes; stamens not exserted; stigmas not exserted. Capsule subglobose, 4-9 mm long, 4-valvate, the sepals persistent; seeds 1-4, obtusely ovoid, 2-3 mm long, glabrous, light brown, dull, squamulose. Phenology: Flowering and fruiting from September to May. Status: Exotic, naturalized, uncommon. Distribution: Native to the Old World tropics (Africa-Pacific), naturalized in some localities of the northern littoral zone (Manatí-Santurce), on sandy substrates. Also in South America and the Old World tropics. Public forest: Tortuguero. References: Austin, D. F. 1982. Convolvulaceae. Flora de Venezuela. Vol. 8. Ediciones Fundación, Venezuela. Austin, D. F. and S. Demissew. 1997. Unique fruits and generic status of Stictocardia (Convolvulaceae). Kew Bull. 52: 161-169. Austin, D. F. Genera of Convolvulaceae. WWW. Fau.edu/ divdept/biology/protologues.htm. Staples, G. W. and D. F. Austin. 1981. Changes in the West Indian Operculina (Convolvulaceae). Brittonia 33: 591-596. 19. Family CUCURBITACEAE Key to the genera 1a. Fruits < 7 cm long.............................................................................................................................. 2 1b. Fruits > 10 cm long ........................................................................................................................... 8 2a. Fruits capsular, dehiscent, with numerous pendulous seeds, covered by a fleshy red aril ............................................................................................................................ 11. Momordica 2b. Fruits indehiscent, the seeds without an aril .................................................................................... 3 3a. Fruits red; corolla white, the limb 3-5 cm in diameter ................................................... 3. Coccinia 3b. Fruits green, yellowish, or orange; corolla of various colors, when white then the limb 1-1.5 cm in diameter .............................................................................................................................................. 4 4a. Fruits spinulose, spiny, or smooth, 4-5 cm long .......................................................4. Cucumis 4b. Fruits smooth, 1-4 cm long ............................................................................................................... 5 5a. Infructescences short, with the fruits densely clustered; stems articulate; roots tuberous ................................................................................................................................. .6. Doyerea 5b. Infructescences elongate, racemose, or the fruits solitary; stems not articulate; roots not tuberous......6 6a. Plants herbaceous, usually 1-2 (4) m long; stems slender, < 5 mm in diameter; corolla yellow ............................................................................................................................. 10. Melothria 6b. Plants robust, usually 5 m or more in length; stems > 5 mm in diameter; corolla orange, creamcolored, white, or greenish yellow ..................................................................................................... 7 7a. Corolla orange; stems cylindrical................................................................................... 12. Psiguria 7b. Corolla cream-colored, white, or greenish yellow; stems angular...............................1. Cayaponia
Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 201 8a. Fruits dry when mature...................................................................................................................... 9 8b. Fruits fleshy, juicy when ripe .......................................................................................................... 11 9a. Fruits with woody walls, not fibrous inside .................................................................................... 10 9b. Fruits with thin and fragile walls on drying, the interior formed by a conglomeration of fibers that form a network ........................................................................................................................ 9. Luffa 10a. Plants hispid-pubescent; petioles with prominent glands; fruits indehiscent, elongate, 20-35 cm long; seeds ovate-oblong, compressed, ca. 1.5 cm long ................................................8. Lagenaria 10b. Plants glabrous; petioles without glands; fruits dehiscent by an operculum that occupies 1/3 of the fruit, this with 3 sutures that are united at the apex, subglobose, 8-12 cm in diameter; seeds circular, slightly compressed, 3-6 cm in diameter........................................................................... 7. Fevillea 11a. Fruits white or light green, pyriform, spinulose ...........................................................13. Sechium 11b. Fruits dark green, orange, reddish brown, or with light green bands alternating with dark green, not pyriform, smooth........................................................................................................................ 12 12a. Fruits cylindrical (3 to 4 times longer than wide), reddish brown, aromatic ................ 14. Sicana 12b. Fruits almost as wide as long, green, orange, or with dark green bands .................................... 13 13a. Corolla campanulate, the limb ca. 10 cm in diameter ................................................ 5. Cucurbita 13b. Corolla rotate, the limb ca. 2 cm in diameter ................................................................ 2. Citrullus 1. CAYAPONIA Herbaceous vines, monoecious or dioecious, glabrous or pubescent, with tendrils axillary or lateral to the leaves; latex watery, usually abundant. Leaves alternate, petiolate; blades simple, entire, lobed, palmatilobed or palmatifid; stipules absent. Flowers unisexual, actinomorphic, solitary or in racemes, panicles or fascicles, axillary. Calyx campanulate, with 5 minute lobes; corollas tubular, the lobes reflexed or expanded; staminate flowers with a pistillode and 3 exserted stamens, the filaments adnate to the corolla, the anthers sigmoid, concrescent; pistillate flowers with 3 staminodia; ovary inferior, 3carpellate, trilobed, the style simple, with 3 stigmatic branches. Fruit a small berry; seeds 2-3, compressed. A predominantly neotropical genus of about 60 species. Key to the species of Cayaponia 1a. Calyx 5-9 mm long; lobes of the corolla 12-15 mm long; margin of the leaves entire or crenate........... .................................................................................................................... 1. C. americana 1b. Calyx 3-4 mm long; lobes of the corolla 3-5 mm long; margin of the leaves spinulose .................. ...................................................................................................................................... 2. C. racemosa 1. Cayaponia americana (Lam.) Cogn. in A.DC. & C.DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: 785. 1881. Fig. 80. A-B BASIONYM: Bryonia americana Lam. Bejuco de torero Herbaceous vine, slender, climbing or creeping, with axillary tendrils, attaining 10 m in length. Stems angular, glabrous or puberulous, swollen at the nodes; tendrils simple or branched, usually longer than the leaves. Leaves alternate; blades 5-20 × 5-18 (25) cm, chartaceous, ovate, palmatilobed, with 3-5 more or less deep lobes, oblong to linear, the apices acute, acuminate, or rounded, the base cordiform or lyrate, the margins
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributio
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PREFACE To the future generation of
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto
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Acelga trepadora ..................
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Wild cucumber .....................
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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