Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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44 Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 13a. Flowers with tepals (not differentiated in a calyx and corolla); cross section of the stem with areas of phloem included in the xylem .............................................................................. Amaranthaceae 13b. Flowers with a calyx and corolla; cross section of the stem with the phloem external to the xylem .................................................................................................................................................................................14 14a. Corolla of free petals ...................................................................................................................... 15 14.a Corolla gamopetalous ....................................................................................................................17 15a. Calyx elongate, tubular; petals pink to red .............................................................. Combretaceae 15b. Calyx short, not tubular; petals yellow, green, yellowish green, or pink .................................... 16 16a. Plant with short lateral branches that intertwine like tendrils; flowers minute (< 5 mm wide); calyx crateriform, with minute lobes; petals green or yellowish green; fruit capsular, with numerous winged seeds .................................................................................................................. Celastraceae 16b. Plant lacking branches that resemble tendrils; flowers medium-sized (≥ 8 mm wide); calyx reduced to a pair of glands per sepal; petals yellow or pink; fruit a samaroid schizocarp, with only one seed per mericarp ............................................................................................................... Malpighiaceae 17a. Ovary inferior ................................................................................................................................. 18 17b. Ovary superior ............................................................................................................................... 20 18a. Flowers aggregated in heads or capitula (with a receptacle in common), the heads forming a compound paniculiform or corymbiform inflorescence .................................................. Asteraceae 18b. Flowers in panicles or aggregated in the leaf axils, not clustered in heads ................................19 19a. Stipules present; corolla < 8 mm long, actinomorphic, with 5 similar lobes ............... Rubiaceae 19b. Stipules absent; corolla > 2 cm long, zygomorphic, bilabiate (4 lobes united and one separate) ..................................................................................................................... Caprifoliaceae 20a. Stipules intrapetiolar, glandular; flowers or inflorescences not showy; corolla cream-colored; stamens 5, concrescent around the stigma; fruits of two follicles, with numerous seeds crowned with long, silky hairs .................................................................................................... Apocynaceae 20b. Stipules absent; flowers or inflorescences showy; corolla of various colors, but not cream-colored; stamens 2 or 4; fruits capsular, fleshy, or dry, not follicular; seeds without long, silky hairs ...... 21 21a. Fruits capsular, opening in two longitudinal halves; placental tissue persistent, projecting like a spur .............................................................................................................Acanthaceae 21b. Fruits fleshy, indehiscent; placental tissue inconspicuous ........................................................... 22 22a. Stamens 4; fruits with 2 or 4 pyrenes, containing 2 seeds ......................................... Verbenaceae 22b. Stamens 2; fruits without pyrenes, containing a single seed .......................................... Oleaceae 23a. Plants climbing by adventitious roots ........................................................................................... 24 23b. Plants twining, scandent, clambering, or climbing by tendrils ................................................... 25 24a. Plant with abundant milky latex; inflorescence a pear-shaped syconium (resembling a fruit) ................................................................................................................Moraceae 24b. Plant without latex; inflorescence umbelliform, with large nectaries in the center of the inflorescence .......................................................................................................................... Marcgraviaceae
Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 45 25a. Plants climbing by tendrils ............................................................................................................ 26 25b. Plants twining or scandent or clambering .................................................................................... 30 26a. Tendrils opposite the leaves ................................................................................................ Vitaceae 26b. Tendrils axillary (or in axillary inflorescences) or lateral to the leaves ...................................... 27 27a. Tendrils lateral to or subopposite the leaves, usually branched ............................. Cucurbitaceae 27b. Tendrils axillary ............................................................................................................................. 28 28a. Base of the petiole forming an ocrea around the stem; tendrils representing a modification of the distal portion of the inflorescence axis ....................................................................... Polygonaceae 28b. Base of the petiole not covering the stem to form an ocrea; tendrils not forming part of the inflorescences ................................................................................................................................... 29 29a. Tendrils spiral-shaped; flowers with a corona and an androgynophore ................ Passifloraceae 29b. Tendrils spirally twisted; flowers with neither a corona nor an androgynophore, stamens and ovary sessile on the receptacle ....................................................................................... Rhamnaceae 30a. Plants clambering or scandent ...................................................................................................... 31 30b. Plants twining ................................................................................................................................ 37 31a. Ovary inferior ................................................................................................................................. 32 31a. Ovary superior................................................................................................................................ 33 32a. Flowers aggregated in a head or capitulum, with a receptacle in common; fruits dry, crowned with a tuft of scales or plumose hairs ...................................................................................... Asteraceae 32b. Flowers in corymbs; fruits fleshy, crowned by the calyx lobes ...................................... Ericaceae 33a. Flowers apetalous or with tepals (not discernible as a calyx and corolla)................................... 34 33b. Flowers with a calyx and corolla................................................................................................... 36 34a. Branches and main stem with a pair of spines in the leaf axils; fruits orange when ripe .... Ulmaceae 34b. Branches without spines; fruits violet or yellowish when ripe .................................................... 35 35a. Perianth of 5 yellowish tepals, ovate-lanceolate, concave, with a keel along their dorsal portion; stigmas 2, elongate, recurved; fruits membranaceous, circumscissile, yellowish ... Amaranthaceae 35b. Perianth of 4 white tepals, oblong-elliptical, without a dorsal keel; stigma sessile, capitate; fruits fleshy, indehiscent, dark purple ................................................................................ Phytolaccaceae 36a. Corolla gamopetalous; stamens 5; ovary sessile on the floral receptacle; fruit an indehiscent berry...................................................................................................................... Boraginaceae 36b. Corolla of free petals; stamens numerous; ovary borne on a gynophore; fruit a dehiscent follicle ........................................................................................................................ Capparaceae 37a. Corolla absent ................................................................................................................................ 38 37b. Corolla present ............................................................................................................................... 39 38a. Calyx well developed, elongate, tubular, the limb expanded or with a pendulous tail; flowers usually solitary ........................................................................................................ Aristolochiaceae 38b. Calyx minute; flowers usually aggregated in an inflorescence with showy bracts ....... Euphorbiaceae
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Page 3: PREFACE To the future generation of
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Acelga trepadora ..................
Page 483:
Wild cucumber .....................
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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