Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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304 Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands dichasial cymes; bracts minute, triangular; pedicels 9-11 mm long, ferruginous-strigose, articulated in the middle. Calyx ferruginousstrigose, the sepals 5, triangular, 3-4 mm long, four of them with a pair of glands at the base of the outer surface. Petals 5, yellow, oblong, unguiculate, ca. 4 mm long. Mericarps (1-)3, ferruginous-tomentose, 4-5 cm long, with a distal dorsal wing, ascendent. 2. STIGMAPHYLLON Phenology: Flowering from September to January and fruiting in January and February. Status: Endemic to Puerto Rico, locally common. Distribution: In secondary and mature forests in the zone of mogotes and serpentine. Public Forests: Maricao, Río Abajo, and Susúa. Twining vines, usually with simple or malpighiaceous trichomes. Leaves simple, entire, opposite, usually with a pair of glands at the base or on the petiole; stipules minute, eglandular. Flowers bisexual, in axillary or terminal umbels, corymbs, or pseudoracemes; bracts eglandular; bracteoles glandular or eglandular. Calyx of 5 basally connate sepals, 4 of which have a pair of glands on the outer surface. Petals yellow, sometimes with a reddish tinge, unguiculate, the posterior petal usually with the unguiculate base larger and the limb smaller than the other petals; stamens 10, unequal, the filaments connate at the base, the anthers glabrous or pubescent; ovary superior, of 3 connate carpels, the styles 3, free, with the stigmatic portion on the inner (adaxial) portion. Fruit a schizocarp of 3 samaras with a dorsal wing, distal, on a pyramidal receptacle. A genus of approximately 100 species, distributed from Mexico to Argentina, including the Antilles. Key to the species of Stigmaphyllon 1a. Mericarp with a dorsal wing, divaricate (projecting horizontally); leaves coriaceous….... .2 1b. Mericarp with a distal wing, ascendent or rudimentary; leaves chartaceous……………… 3 2a. Young stems strigulose; leaves glabrescent on both surfaces, the tertiary veins inconspicuous; samaras glabrescent ........................................……...…………………..…….……2. S. emarginatum 2b. Young stems tomentose; leaves densely appressed-pubescent on the lower surface, the tertiary veins conspicuously reticulate; samaras tomentose ..…..………............. 3. S. floribundum 3a. Leaves acute, obtuse, or sometimes apiculate at the apex; wing of the mericarp rudimentary, reduced to an apical crest of the seminiferous locule, 4-9 mm long..…………........… 1 S. bannisterioides 3b. Leaves acuminate at the apex; wing of the mericarp distal, ascendent, well developed, 2.6-3.7 cm long ..................…………………………………………………………....……….. 4. S. puberum 1. Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides (L.) C. Anderson, Taxon 41: 328. 1992. Fig. 122. A-C BASIONYM: Malpighia bannisterioides L. SYNONYMS: Banisteria ovata Cav. Stigmaphyllon ovatum (Cav.) Niedenzu Brachypterys ovata (Cav.) Small Woody vine, twining, attainig 3-6 m in length. Stems cylindrical, sericeous when young. Leaves opposite, ovate, elliptical, or lanceolate, 4-12 × 1.5-5.5 cm, chartaceous, the apex acute, obtuse, or sometimes apiculate, the base attenuate, obtuse, or truncate, with a pair of annular glands in the area adjacent to the petiole, the margins entire; upper surface glabrous or glabrescent; lower surface sparsely sericeous; petiole slightly sulcate, sericeous, 0.4-1.8 cm long; stipules minute, triangular. Inflorescences of umbels with (3)4(6) flowers, axillary, solitary or in dichasial cymes, with a pair of broadly ovate leaves of reduced size at the base; peduncles 0.2-2.5 mm long; pedicels 15-30 mm long, cylindrical; bracteoles 0.8-1.6 mm long, ovate, elliptical, or triangular. Calyx of 5 ovate sepals, sericeous, ca. 3 mm long, four of
Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 305 them with a pair of elongate glands outside at the base. Petals yellow, rounded or obovate, unequal, 9-12 mm long, unguiculate; stamens unequal; styles equal or almost equal. Mericarps with the wing reduced to an apical crest, 4-9 mm long, the seminiferous portion with 4-6 ribs. Phenology: Flowering from December to July and fruiting from February to July. Status: Native, quite rare. Distribution: Known only from the Naguabo area on the edge of a mangrove between the mouth of the Santiago River and the Antón Ruiz River. Also on Vieques; the Greater Antilles, Martinique, St. Lucia, and Barbados, from the Caribbean coast of Mexico to the north coast of Brazil, east of the mouth of the Amazon, and from the Pacific coast of Colombia to northern Peru. 2. Stigmaphyllon emarginatum (Cav.) A. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., II, 13: 290. 1840. Fig. 122. D-G BASIONYM: Banisteria emarginata Cav. SYNONYMS: Stigmaphyllon periplocifolium (Desf.) A. Juss. Stigmaphyllon lingulatum (Poir.) Small Bejuco de San Juan Woody vine, twining, attainig 5-10 m in length. Stem up to 8 cm in diameter; much branched from the base; bark very rough, reddish brown. Branches copper-colored, glabrous, more or less cylindrical, lenticellate, the young portions strigulose. Leaves opposite, coriaceous, lanceolate, ovate, oblong, linear, or less frequently rounded, 2.5-10(13) × 1-5.5(10.5) cm, sparsely appressed-pubescent when young, glabrescent, the apex acute or obtuse, emarginate-mucronate, the base truncate or cordiform, the margins entire or undulate; upper surface shiny, with the reticulate venation prominent; lower surface pale green, dull, with the midvein prominent; petioles yellowish, flattened on the upper surface, 0.2-2 cm long, with two discoid glands in the area adjacent to the blade; stipules triangular, minute. Inflorescences of axillary umbels, corymbs, or pseudoracemes, with 15-35 flowers; peduncles pubescent, 0.2-2.5 cm long; pedicels 3-23 mm long, articulated above the base; bracts minute, eglandular. Calyx of 5 ovate-triangular sepals, 4(5) of which have a pair of glands outside at the base. Petals 5, yellow, rounded, unguiculate, 11- 15 mm long; stamens unequal, glabrous or puberulent; anterior style shorter; stigmas green. Mericarps 1.6-2.2 cm long, with an asymmetrical dorsal wing, curved on the upper margin and crenate on the lower margin. Phenology: Flowering throughout the year and fruiting from January to August. Status: Native, very common. Distribution: In disturbed areas and dry forests near the littoral zone. Also on Caja de Muerto, Culebra, Desecheo, Icacos, Mona, Vieques, Anegada, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, Virgin Gorda; Jamaica, Hispaniola, and the Lesser Antilles southward to Martinique. Public Forests: Ceiba, Guánica, Maricao, Mona, Piñones, and Susúa. 3. Stigmaphyllon floribundum (DC.) C. Anderson, Syst. Bot. 11: 128. 1986. Fig. 122. H-M BASIONYM: Banisteria floribunda DC. SYNONYMS: Stigmaphyllon tomentosum (Desf.) Niedenzu Tetrapterys paniculata sensu A. Stahl Heteropterys nitida var. obtusifolia Kuntze Bejuco de toro, Bejuco de menta, Bull wiss, Red wiss Woody vine, twining, attainig 15 m in length. Stems much branched from the base, cylindrical, attaining 2-3 cm in diameter; bark rough, reddish brown. Branches lenticellate, cylindrical, tomentose. Leaves opposite, yellowish or reddish when young, elliptical, oblong, linear, lanceolate, or rounded, 4-18 × 2.5-15.5 cm, coriaceous, the apex obtuse or truncate, emarginate-mucronate, the base obtuse, truncate to cordiform, the margins entire, revolute, ciliate; upper surface dark green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; lower surface pale green, dull, densely appressed-pubescent or sericeous, the venation prominent; petioles cylindrical, ferruginous-pubescent, 1-2.5 cm long, with a pair of prominent discoid glands in the area adjacent to the blade; stipules triangular, minute. Inflorescences of terminal panicles, up to 22 cm long, composed of umbels or pseudoracemes, with 20-30(50) flowers; peduncles strigose; pedicels strigose, 1-3 cm long. Calyx of 5 rounded sepals, 2-2.7 mm long, strigose, four of them with a pair of glands outside at the base. Petals yellow, rounded, 11-15 mm long, unguiculate; stamens unequal; anterior style
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributio
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PREFACE To the future generation of
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto
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Acelga trepadora ..................
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Wild cucumber .....................
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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