Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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436 Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 6. Family POACEAE Key to the genera 1a. Leaves of the culm different from the leaves of the branches; branches short, whorled in the area of the nodes.........………………………………………………………………….……………..2 1b. Leaves of the culm similar to those of the branches; apex of the leaf sheath lacking setaceous appendages; branches short or elongate, alternate………………………………………………3 2a. Leaves 7-13 per branch; apex of the leaf sheath with setose appendages ……1. Arthrostylidium 2b. Leaves 15-40 per branch; apex of the leaf sheath lacking setose appendages ……..2. Chusquea 3a. Leaf blades 0.2-3.4(4.6) cm wide; glumes not aristate.………………………………3. Lasiacis 3b. Leaf blades 3-11 cm wide; glumes aristate, the arista 5-22 mm long ……………….…4. Olyra 1. ARTHROSTYLIDIUM Herbs, caespitose, perennial, with pachymorphic and sympodial rhizomes. Culms cylindrical, lignified, hollow, elongate, scandent, with one main branch per node, the branches with three to many branches that are borne from a mound. Leaves of the culm different from those of the branches; foliaceous leaves with internal and external ligules; leaf sheath with a prominent or inconspicuous setaceous appendage. Inflorescences of spicate racemes, lacking bracts, the rachis straight or flexuous. Spikelets subsessile, with 2 or more flowers, bisexual; fertile flowers 1 or more numerous, deciduous along with the rachilla when mature; glumes 1 or 2, as long as half the length of the spikelet. About 30 species, distributed from Mexico to Bolivia and in the Antilles. Key to the species of Arthrostylidium 1a. Leaves of the branches 0.7-2 mm wide ……………..………..……....……………1. A. farctum 1b. Leaves of the branches 3-30 mm wide………………………………………………………….2 2a. Foliaceous leaves 6-11 × 1-3 cm; culms markedly scabrous; rachis of the inflorescence straight ……………………………………………………………………………….2. A. multispicatum 2b. Foliaceous leaves 2.5-6 × 0.3-0.7 cm; culms smooth; rachis of the mature inflorescence flexuous ………………………………………………………...............…….3. A. sarmentosum 1. Arthrostylidium farctum (Aubl.) Soderstr. & Lourteig, Phytologia 64: 163. 1987. Fig. 181. A-C BASIONYM: Arundo farcta Aubl. SYNONYM: Arthrostylidium capillifolium Griseb. Climbing bamboo Climbing, small bamboo, attainig 3-5(15) m in length. Culms smooth, shiny, 1-5 mm in diameter, cylindrical, flexible, with internodes 5- 20 cm long, the nodes with numerous branchlets, 7-15 cm long, grouped in dense whorls. Leaves of the branches linear, 6-15 × 0.7-2 mm,
Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 437 chartaceous, with the venation parallel; leaf sheath with the margins ciliate; setaceous appendages in two series, 1-5 mm long. Inflorescences 2-10 cm long, spicate, with 3-7 spikelets. Spikelets 8- 11 mm long, linear, appressed to the rachis. Phenology: Rarely seen in flower. The plant allegedly dies after flowering. Status: Native, uncommon. Distribution: Uncommon on forested slopes, forest margins, and in dry thickets on limestone and serpentine. Also on Vieques, St. John, and St. Thomas; in the Bahamas, Cuba, and Hispaniola. This species was erroneously accredited to French Guiana in the original description. Public Forests: Maricao, Río Abajo, and Susúa. 2. Arthrostylidium multispicatum Pilg., in Urb., Symb. Antill. 2: 341. 1901. Fig. 181. D-G BASIONYM: Arundinaria multispicata (Pilger) Hack. Climbing, small bamboo, attainig 5-10 m in length. Young culms scabrous, smooth when mature, cylindrical, flexible, attaining 3-5 mm in diameter, the internodes 2.5-10 cm long, the nodes with numerous branchlets, 20-40 cm long, grouped in dense whorls. Leaves of the branches lanceolate, 6-12 × 1-1.7 cm, chartaceous, with the venation parallel; leaf sheath puberulent; setaceous appendages 1-2 mm long, deciduous; internal and external ligules ca. 2 mm long. Inflorescences 4-12 cm long, spicate, with 4-10 subsessile spikelets. Spikelets 2-3 cm long, linear, appressed to the rachis, with 3-5 fertile flowers; rachis straight. Fruit unknown. 2. CHUSQUEA Phenology: Collected in flower in February. Status: Native, rare. Distribution: Uncommon on forested slopes along the Cordillera Central. Also in Cuba, Hispaniola, and Trinidad. Public Forests: Carite, Guilarte, Maricao, and Toro Negro. 3. Arthrostylidium sarmentosum Pilg., in Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 108. 1903. Fig. 181. H-J Bambú trepador, Bambuilla Climbing, small bamboo, with numerous pendulous lateral branches, attainig 2-8 m in length. Stems glabrous, smooth, shiny, cylindrical, 0.7-2.5(4) mm in diameter, the internodes 10-18 cm long, the nodes with 15-30 branches, 10-15 cm long, grouped in dense whorls. Leaves of the branches lanceolate, 1-5 × 0.2-0.5 cm, chartaceous, glabrous, with the venation parallel. Inflorescences terminal on the short lateral branches, racemose, 2-3.5 cm long, flexuous, with 3-5 spikelets. Spikelets pubescent, 15-18 mm long, linear, appressed to the rachis, with 4-5 flowers. Phenology: Rarely seen in flower, collected in flower in December. Status: Native, rather common. Distribution: In moist forests at middle to upper elevations; along the Cordillera Central and the Sierra de Luquillo. Also throughout the Antilles and in Venezuela. Public Forests: Carite, El Yunque, Guilarte, Maricao, and Toro Negro Small or medium-sized bamboos. Culms elongate, erect, arcuate or scandent, cylindrical, lignified, solid or occasionally hollow, with numerous branches per node. Leaves of the culm different from those of the branches; foliaceous leaves with internal and external ligules; leaf sheath lacking setose appendages. Inflorescences terminal, of panicles or less frequently racemes. Spikelets lanceolate or ovate, short-aristate or not aristate, with numerous flowers; glumes 2, short; 2 basal flowers sterile; distal flowers bisexual; palea bicarinate; stamens 3; stigmas 2. About 150 species, distributed from Mexico to Chile and Argentina, including the Antilles.
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributio
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PREFACE To the future generation of
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto
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Page 481 and 482: Acelga trepadora ..................
Page 483: Wild cucumber .....................
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