Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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370 Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands Status: Apparently native, not very common. Distribution: In disturbed or open areas, like roadsides and thickets. In all probability native to the Neotropics, but distributed in the tropics of the Old World. Cultivated as an ornamental for its curious capsules. Public Forest: Guánica. 2b. Cardiospermum halicacabum var. microcarpum (Kunth) Blume, Rumphia 3: 183. 1847. BASIONYM: Cardiospermum microcarpum Kunth 2. PAULLINIA Distinguished from the typical variety by the presence of turbinate-trigonal fruits, truncate at the apex and of smaller size (see the key). Phenology: Collected in flower from November to July and in fruit from January to June. Status: Apparently native, rather common. Distribution: In disturbed, well illuminated areas, like roadsides and pastures. Also on St. Croix, St. John, and St. Thomas; throughout the tropics and subtropics. Public Forests: Mona and Tortuguero. Vines, woody or less frequently herbaceous, usually with abundant milky latex. Stems simple or compound (cross section with a single vascular cylinder or with a central cylinder and 3-5 peripheral cylinders). Leaves alternate, trifoliolate, 5-foliolate, biternate, or with numerous leaflets; leaflets chartaceous or coriaceous; rachis and petioles winged or not winged; stipules minute and caducous or large and persistent. Tendrils spirally twisted, in pairs at the base of the axis of the inflorescence (this sometimes not developed). Inflorescence of axillary thyrses, with flowers grouped in lateral scorpioid cymes; pedicels articulated at the base; calyx of 4 or 5 sepals. Petals 4, with a petaliferous appendage on its inner surface; floral disc unilateral, with 4 glands; stamens 8, with unequal filaments; ovary superior, tricarpellate, with one ovule per carpel, the style simple, with 3 stigmatic branches. Fruit a woody capsule, winged or without wings, septicidal; seeds one per locule, globose or ellipsoid, black, with a fleshy, white arillode on the lower portion. A neotropical genus of approximately 200 species, one of which is also found in Africa. Key to the species of Paullinia 1a. Stems cylindrical, tomentose or tomentulose; cross section of the mature stems simple; leaves biternate (three trifoliolate pinnae, for a total of 9 leaflets); petioles not winged; fruits three-winged, 1-1.5 cm long..........................................................................................2 1b. Stems pentagonal, glabrous; cross section of the mature stems composed of 2-3 peripheral vascular cylinders; leaves 5-foliolate, pinnate; petioles winged; fruits pyriform, not winged, 1.5-2.5 cm long ...............................................…..........................…….....................2. P. pinnata 2a. Flowers sessile or almost sessile; calyx puberulent; lower surface with numerous glandular papillae, not lineate; fruits oblong in outline.......................................……........…1. P. fuscescens 2b. Flowers pedicellate; calyx tomentose; lower surface not papillose, with dark lines; fruit elliptical or obovate in outline .............................…………………………..……………3. P. plumierii 1. Paullinia fuscescens Kunth in Humb. Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 5: 120. 1821. Fig. 150. A-D Woody vine that climbs by means of tendrils and attains 3-7 m in length. Stems cylindrical, tomentose or tomentulose, up to 5 mm in diameter, with slight watery latex when cut; cross section simple (with a single vascular cylinder). Leaves alternate, biternate; leaflets chartaceous, the margins serrate, revolute; upper surface sparsely pubescent on the midvein, green, shiny; lower surface green, dull, the venation prominent and
Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 371 puberulent, with a tuft of hairs in the axils of the secondary veins, with glandular papillae; terminal leaflets 4-6 × 1.5-2.5 cm, lanceolate, the apex acuminate, the acumen obtuse, the base longattenuate; lateral leaflets 1-2 × 0.7-1 cm, almost elliptical, the apex obtuse, the base acute or obtuse; rachis narrowly winged, 1-1.6 cm long; petioles not winged, 7-12 mm long; stipules triangular, ca. 1 mm long; tendrils in pairs, spirally twisted, at the end of short axillary axes, from which an inflorescence usually develops. Inflorescences of axillary racemiform thyrses, with few sessile flowers, zygomorphic, in lateral cincinni; axes tomentose. Calyx whitish green, of 5 sepals, 2- 2.5 mm long; petals white, cuneate at the base, ca. 2 mm long; petaliferous appendages slightly shorter than the petals, fleshy and yellow at the apex, forming a hood that encloses the glands of the disc; stamens 8, the filaments unequal; ovary trilocular. Capsule three-winged, red, 1-1.5 cm long. Seeds one per locule, black, obovoid, slightly laterally compressed, ca. 6 mm long, with a white and emarginate aril on the lower half. Phenology: Collected in flower and fruit during February and March. Status: Exotic, naturalized, locally common on St. Croix. Distribution: In disturbed areas at lower elevations; cultivated and locally naturalized at the Experimental Station in Mayagüez. Native to Cuba, Mexico, Central America, Trinidad, Tobago, and northern South America. 2. Paullinia pinnata L., Sp. Pl. 366. 1753. Fig. 150. I-O Bejuco de costilla, Bejuco de paloma, Basket wiss Woody vine that climbs by means of tendrils and attains 6-10 m in length. Stems obtuse, 3-5angular, glabrous or pubescent on the young portions, glabrescent when mature, up to 6 cm in diameter and producing scarce milky latex when cut; bark smooth, light brown; cross section with a central vascular cylinder and 2 or 3 peripheral vascular cylinders, smaller than the central one. Leaves alternate, pinnately 5-foliolate; leaflets coriaceous, 5-16 × 2.2-6 cm (the distal leaflet larger), elliptical, ovate, or lanceolate, the apex acute, the base attenuate or acute on the terminal leaflet and obtuse or rounded and sometimes asymmetrical on the lateral ones, the margins deeply serrate; upper surface glabrous or puberulent along the midvein, green, shiny, with slightly prominent venation; lower surface glabrous or puberulent along the midvein, green, dull, the venation prominent, with a tuft of hairs in the axils of the secondary veins; rachis and petioles broadly winged; stipules subulate, ca. 5 mm long; tendrils in pairs, spirally twisted, at the end of short axillary axes, from which an inflorescence usually develops. Flowers zygomorphic, in axillary racemiform thyrses; axis of the inflorescence tomentose. Calyx light green, puberulent, of 5 sepals, the two outer ones ca. 2 mm long, the inner ones 4-5 mm long; petals white, obovate, 4-5 mm long; petaliferous appendages slightly shorter than the petals, fleshy and yellow at the apex, forming a hood that encloses the glands of the disc; disc unilateral, with 4 rounded to ovoid glands. Capsule pyriform, not winged, red, 1.5-3 cm long. Seeds 12-15 mm long, ellipsoid, with a white aril, covering the base and more than half of the two sides. Phenology: Flowering from April to November and fruiting from October to July. Status: Native, rather common. Distribution: In forests and pastures at middle and lower elevations, in moist or dry places. Also on Vieques and Tortola; throughout the Neotropics and tropical Africa. Public Forests: Carite, El Yunque, Guilarte, Maricao, Río Abajo, Susúa, and Toro Negro. 3. Paullinia plumieri Triana & Planchon, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Sér. 4: 18. 360. 1862. Fig. 150. E-H Woody vine that climbs by means of tendrils and attains 3-7 m in length. Stems cylindrical, tomentose or tomentulose, up to 0.5 cm in diameter; cross section simple (with a single vascular cylinder). Leaves alternate, biternate; leaflets chartaceous, the margins serrate, revolute; upper surface glabrous, puberulent on the midvein; lower surface with prominent venation and puberulent, with a tuft of hairs in the axils of the secondary veins, the tertiary venation dark,
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributio
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PREFACE To the future generation of
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto
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Acelga trepadora ..................
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Wild cucumber .....................
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