Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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290 Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands drying. Seeds rectangular, ca. 4.5 mm long, black, shiny. Phenology: Collected in fruit in March. Status: Native, very rare. Distribution: Known from a single collection from Boca de Cangrejos, apparently along the sandy coast. Predominant along the tropical coasts of the Old World. In the New World, it is known from a few collections from Panama and Brazil. Commentary: The application of the name V. marina is rather confused, and needs an explanatory note. This epithet was originally published by Burman based on the work of Rumphius (Index Alt. Herb. Amboin. 5: 391, tab. 141 fig. 2, 1750). As a result, the name Vigna marina is typified by the illustration presented in that work. Nevertheless, the examination of this illustration reveals that in reality it represents the species that today bears the name V. luteola. Due to the code of nomenclature’s principle of priority, the name V. luteola should be replaced with V. marina. Nevertheless, the name Vigna luteola could be maintained if the name V. marina was conserved with a different type, so as to preserve the traditional use of both names. In this treatment I use the traditional nomenclature in anticipation of a proposal to conserve the name V. marina with a different type. As a result, V. retusa becomes a synonym of V. marina. 7. Vigna peduncularis (Kunth) Fawcett & Rendle, Fl. Jam. 4(2): 68. 1920. Fig. 116. A-D BASIONYM: Phaseolus peduncularis Kunth Herbaceous vine, creeping or climbing twining, attainig 2 m in length. Stems branched from the base, slender, almost cylindrical, puberulent, usually producing roots in the area of the nodes. Leaves alternate, trifoliolate; leaflets chartaceous, ovate-deltate or lanceolate, 3-8 × 1.5- 5 cm, both surfaces glabrous, the venation slightly prominent on the lower surface, the apex acute, acuminate, or less frequently obtuse, the base cuneate, the margins entire, slightly ciliate; terminal leaflet larger than the lateral ones; lateral leaflets asymmetrical at the base, one side obtuse, the other cuneate or truncate; petiolules ca. 3 mm long, puberulent; rachis 5-10 mm long, striate; petioles 2-7 cm long, striate, slender, glabrous; stipels obovate, ca. 1 mm long; stipules oblong or lanceolate, 2-2.5 mm long. Pseudoracemes axillary, up to 26 cm long, the flowers 2 per node, in the distal portion of the inflorescence; peduncles thick, glabrous or puberulent; pedicels ca. 1 mm long, erect, with the calyx in an ascending position. Calyx green, campanulate, puberulent, 2.2-2.5 mm long, the sepals more or less equal, broadly deltate, except for the abaxial one, which is narrower and slightly longer; corolla pale pink, standard obovate, unguiculate, ca. 8 mm long, the wings and the keel as long as the standard, the wings oblong, sinuate, unguiculate, the keel spirally twisted. Legumes ascendent, linear, flattened, straight, with the margins slightly undulate, 4-5.5 cm long, ca. 3 mm wide, puberulent, punctate. Seeds oblong, ca. 3.5 mm long, light brown with blackish spots, the hilum white, ca. 2 mm long. Phenology: Collected in flower and fruit in November and January. Status: Native, uncommon. Distribution: In disturbed places like roadsides and pastures. Also in the Antilles, Central America, and South America. Public Forest: Río Abajo. 8. Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 779. 1842. Fig. 116. E-F BASIONYM: Dolichos unguiculatus L. Frijol, Cowpea Herbaceous vine, climbing and twining, attainig 3-5 m in length. Stems up to 5 mm in diameter, cylindrical, glabrous, wine-colored when young. Leaves alternate, trifoliolate; leaflets chartaceous, 5-14.6 × 3-10.5 cm, both surfaces glabrous, with slightly prominent venation, the apex obtuse or acute, mucronate, the margins sinuate to lobate; terminal leaflet rhombic-ovate or rhombic-lanceolate, the base cuneate, with the point rounded or sometimes subcordiform; lateral leaflets markedly asymmetrical, one side oblong, the other ovate or lanceolate, the base cuneate or truncate; petiolules 4-5 mm long, puberulent, winged; rachis 0.5-3.5 cm long, canaliculate, marginate or winged; petioles 1-10 cm long, canaliculate, marginate or winged, glabrous, thick, broadened at the base; stipels oblong or obovate, ca. 2 mm long; stipules peltate,
Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 291 constricted in the zone of insertion, the distal portion lanceolate, 6-10 mm long, the basal portion 2-3 mm long. Pseudoracemes axillary, up to 40 cm long, the flowers 2 per node, in the distal portion of the inflorescence; peduncles thick, glabrous; pedicels ca. 2 mm long, erect, with the calyx in an ascending position. Calyx green, campanulate, glabrous, ca. 8 mm long, the sepals slightly unequal, subulate, as long as the tubular portion. Corolla pale violet, white, greenish, or yellowish; standard rounded, 1.5-3 cm long, unguiculate, with the base auriculate; the wings and the keel shorter than the standard, the keel not spirally twisted. Legumes ascendent or horizontal, linear, slightly compressed, straight, 15-20 × ca. 1 cm, glabrous, the valves with partitions between the seeds. Seeds 10-15 per fruit, oblong, 9-10 mm long, reddish brown or white with a black spot, the hilum white, ca. 2 mm long. Phenology: Flowering and fruiting almost throughout the year. Status: Exotic, cultivated and naturalized, uncommon. Distribution: In disturbed places like roadsides and pastures. Cultivated throughout the tropics for food; apparently native to the tropics of the Old World. Public Forest: Río Abajo. 9. Vigna vexillata (L.) A. Rich. in Sagra, Hist. Fis. Polit. Nat. Cuba 11: 191. 1845. Fig. 116. G-K BASIONYM: Phaseolus vexillatus L. Frijol cimarrón Herbaceous vine, creeping or climbing, twining, attainig 4-5 m in length. Stems slender, green, ferruginous-pilose. Leaves alternate, trifoliolate; leaflets chartaceous, 3.5-11.5 × 1.5- 5.2 cm, lanceolate, the upper surface strigulose, the venation slightly prominent; lower surface strigulose or strigose, with prominent venation, the apex acute or acuminate, the base obtuse or rounded on the terminal leaflet, unequal (obtusetruncate) on the lateral ones, the margins revolute, ciliate; petiolules 2-4 mm long, pilose, marginate; rachis canaliculate, pilose, 3-20 mm long; petioles canaliculate, pilose, swollen at the base, 1.6-10 cm long; stipels subulate, 2-3 mm long; stipules lanceolate, 6-9 mm long, sagittate at the base. Pseudoracemes axillary, 10-31 cm long, the flowers 2 per node, in the distal portion of the inflorescence; peduncle thick, sparsely pilose, glabrescent; pedicels 2.5-3 mm long, erect; bracteoles subulate, ca. 5 mm long, pubescent. Calyx green, campanulate, puberulent, 12-15 mm long, the sepals slightly unequal, subulate, as long as the tubular portion of the calyx. Corolla pale violet or pink; standard ca. 2 cm long, the wings 1 cm wide, with the base mulberry-colored. Fruit a linear legume, cylindrical, 7-11 cm long, with the apex acute, slightly recurved, ferruginouspilose-pubescent. Seeds oblong, black or gray. Phenology: Flowering and fruiting throughout the year. Status: Apparently native, relatively common. Distribution: In disturbed places like roadsides and pastures. Also in the Antilles, Central America, South America, Africa, and tropical Asia. Public Forest: Río Abajo. Excluded Species: Vigna juruana (Harms) Verdc. was cited for Puerto Rico by Liogier (1998) based on the erroneous identification of a specimen of Vigna luteola (Alain 27987). References: Burkart, A. 1971. El género Galactia (Legum.-Phaseoleae) en Sudamérica, con especial referencia a la Argentina y países vecinos. Darwiniana 16: 662-802. Fantz, P.R. 1990. Clitoria (Leguminosae) Antillarum. Moscosoa 6: 152-166. Fantz, P.R. 1996. Resegregation of Barbieria from Clitoria (Leguminosae: Phaseoleae: Clitoriinae). Sida 17: 55-68. Grear, J.W. 1978. A revision of Rhynchosia (Leguminosae-Faboideae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 31: 1-168. Maxwell, R. H. 1999. Dioclea. pp. 310-315. In: J. A. Steyermark et al. (eds.) Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana. Vol. 5.
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributio
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PREFACE To the future generation of
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto
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Acelga trepadora ..................
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Wild cucumber .....................
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