Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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82 Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 1. Matelea maritima (Jacq.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 222. 1941. Fig. 29. A-D BASIONYM: Asclepias maritima Jacq. SYNONYM: Ibatia maritima (Jacq.) Decne. Guanabanilla cimarróna, Pompón, Beach milk vine Slightly woody vine, twining, 5-7 m in length, with abundant milky latex. Stems densely pubescent and sulcate when young, whitish and corky when mature, 4 mm or more in diameter. Leaves opposite; blades 4-10.5 × 3-7.5 cm, ovate, chartaceous, the apex acute or acuminate, the base cordiform, the margins entire; upper surface dull, pubescent, with 2 (3-7) acicular glands in the area adjacent to the petiole; lower surface pale, densely pubescent, the venation yellowish; petioles cylindrical, densely pubescent, 2-7 cm long. Flowers few, in small axillary cymes. Calyx green,
Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 83 rotate, ca. 2 mm in diameter, the sepals ovate or lanceolate, pubescent; corolla rotate, greenish, 4- 6 mm in diameter, the petals ovate, not imbricate; corona yellowish green, with short and rounded lobes. Follicles ovoid-fusiform, green, 5-8 × 3.5- 4.5 cm, pubescent, verrocose; seeds numerous, brown, with long, white, silky hairs. Phenology: Flowering from October to November and fruiting from December to March. Status: Native, very common. Distribution: In thickets and coastal forests. Also on Culebra, Desecheo, Mona, Vieques, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, Tortola, and Virgin Gorda; Cuba, Hispaniola, the Lesser Antilles, and from Panama to northern South America. Public forests: Guánica, Mona, Piñones, and Susúa. 2. Matelea sintenisii (Schltr.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 226. 1941. Fig. 29. E-H BASIONYM: Gonolobus sintenisii Schltr. SYNONYM: Vincetoxicum sintenisii (Schltr.) Britton Herbaceous vine, twining, 3-4 m in length, with little or no milky latex. Stems slender, cylindrical, pubescent with retrorse hairs, 2 mm or less in diameter. Leaves opposite; blades 3-6.5 × 1-3 cm, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, membranaceous, the apex acute or acuminate, the base rounded, truncate, or subcordiform, the margins entire or crenate; upper surface dark green, with two acicular glands at the union with the petiole; lower surface light green, glabrous or puberulous, with notable reticulate venation; petioles 1-2 cm long, with 2 lines of hairs along the upper surface. Flowers few, arranged in sessile or subsessile cymes; pedicels ca. 5 mm long, pubescent. Calyx green, crateriform, of 5 ovate sepals, ca. 1.5 mm long; corolla rotate, light green, the petals free to the base, lanceolate-triangular, not imbricate, 3.5-5 mm long; corona annular. Fruits fusiform, green, to 14 cm long, smooth; seeds numerous, spathulate, dark brown, ca. 4 mm long, with the margin verrocose and a long tuft of white hairs. Phenology: Collected in flower in March and April. Status: Endemic to Puerto Rico, uncommon. Distribution: In moist forests in the cordilleras and the zone of mogotes. Public forests: El Yunque, Maricao, Río Abajo, and Toro Negro. 3. Matelea variifolia (Schltr.) Woodson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 226. 1941. Fig. 29. I-L BASIONYM: Gonolobus variifolius Schltr. SYNONYMS: Vincetoxicum variifolium (Schltr.) Britton Matelea borinquensis Alain Herbaceous vine, twining, 3-4 m in length, with abundant milky latex. Stems slender, cylindrical, puberulous, glabrescent, 2 mm or less in diameter; pubescence of curved, reflexed hairs. Leaves opposite; blades 4.5-10 × 2-4.5 cm, lanceolate, elliptical, or oblong, membranaceous, the apex acute or acuminate, the base acute, rounded, or cordiform, the margins entire; upper surface dark green, glabrous, with 2 acicular glands at the union with the petiole; lower surface pale green, glaucous, glabrous; petioles 0.8-4 cm long, with 2 lines of hairs along the upper surface. Flowers few, arranged in short-pedunculate cymes; pedicels 6-8 mm long. Calyx green, rotate, of 5 oblong-ovate sepals, 2-2.5 mm long; corolla rotate, pale green with dark green venation, 10- 14 mm in diameter, the lobes rounded, imbricate, ca. 5 mm long; corona annular, green. Fruits unknown. Phenology: Flowering from May to October. Status: Endemic to Puerto Rico, uncommon. Distribution: In moist forests in the cordilleras and on mogotes. Public forests: El Yunque, Guilarte, Maricao, Río Abajo, and Toro Negro. Commentary: After a careful study of the type specimen of Matelea borinquensis Alain, I have come to the conclusion that it represents Matelea variifolia. The type specimen of M. borinquensis (Alain et al. 35111) is too poor to characterize its morphology adequately. The size and shape given for the petals cannot be considered as valid because they are based on floral buds. In addition, the characterization of the corona (“lobis triangularibus 1.5 mm longis”) can not be critically evaluated because it is not discernible on the specimen.
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributio
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PREFACE To the future generation of
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto
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Acelga trepadora ..................
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Wild cucumber .....................
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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