Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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46 Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 39a. Corolla gamopetalous ....................................................................................................................40 39b. Corolla of free petals...................................................................................................................... 43 40b. Flowers clustered in heads or capitula .......................................................................... Asteraceae 40b. Flowers in various kinds of inflorescences, but not in heads ....................................................... 41 41a. Stamens dehiscent by terminal pores ............................................................................ Solanaceae 41b. Stamens dehiscent by longitudinal sutures ................................................................................... 42 42a. Fruits fleshy, indehiscent; stamens with short filaments or the anthers sessile, united to the corolla in its middle to upper portion ...................................................................................... Boraginaceae 42b. Fruits dry, capsular; stamens with more or less long filaments, united to the base of the corolla ......................................................................................................................... Convolvulaceae 43a. Flowers actinomorphic; petals white, all similar ......................................................................... 44 43b. Flowers zygomorphic; petals pink or red, unequal, modified into a standard, wings, and a keel. ............................................................................................................................................... 46 44a. Stamens numerous; fruit capsular ............................................................................... Dilleniaceae 44b. Stamens 4-6; fruit indehiscent ...................................................................................................... 45 45a. Flowers unisexual; stamens 4 or 6; fruits fleshy, without a persistent style ....... Menispermaceae 45b. Flowers bisexual; stamens 5; fruits dry, crowned with 3 persistent styles ................. Basellaceae 46a. Fruit a legume ................................................................................................................... Fabaceae 46b. Fruit an indehiscent samara ...................................................................................... Polygalaceae 1. Family ACANTHACEAE Key to the genera 1a. Plants with axillary spines; leaves up to 2 cm long, coriaceous; corollas 1.2-1.5 cm long; stamen 2 ................................................................................................................................... 2. Oplonia 1b. Plants without spines; leaves > 2.5 cm long, chartaceous to coriaceous; corollas > 2.3 cm long; stamens 4 ............................................................................................................................................ 2 2a. Plants twining; stems cylindrical ................................................................................ 3. Thunbergia 2b. Plants decumbent or clambering, not twining; stems quadrangular ............................ 1. Asystasia 1. ASYSTASIA Perennial herbs, erect, decumbent, or clambering. Leaves opposite; blades simple, with numerous linear cystoliths on the upper surface, the secondary veins conspicuous; stipules absent. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, arranged in spikes or one-sided, terminal racemes, accompanied at the base by 2 small bracts and 2 bracteoles. Calyx of 5 linear or lanceolate sepals of equal size; corolla zygomorphic, pale violet, pink, white, or pale yellow, infundibuliform, with 5 rounded lobes; stamens 4, didynamous;
Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 47 ovary superior, bicarpellate, bilocular, the stigmas bilobed or capitate. Capsules ellipsoid or claviform; seeds 2-4, lenticular. A genus of about 40 species, of paleotropical origin. 1. Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson in Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl. 235. 1860. Fig. 13. A-E BASIONYM: Justicia gangetica L. Decumbent herb, creeping or clambering, 1- 3 m in length. Stems quadrangular. Leaves 2.5- 11 × 2.5-6.5(8) cm, ovate to lanceolate, chartaceous, pubescent on both surfaces, especially on the veins, the apex acuminate, the base obtuse, truncate, rounded, or cordiform, the margins crenulate; petioles 0.5-3(4.5) cm long. Flowers arranged in terminal spikes on axillary branches; bracts and bracteoles ovate, ciliate. Calyx green, 5-7 mm long, the sepals lanceolate; corolla light yellow or pale violet, 2.3-5 cm long, 2. OPLONIA with glandular hairs on the outer surface; stamens and pistil inserted on the floral tube. Capsules 2- 2.5 cm long, claviform, light brown when ripe, densely covered with glandular hairs; seeds light brown, with irregular margins. Phenology: Collected in flower and fruit throughout the year. Status: Exotic, ornamental, naturalized in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, quite common. Distribution: On roadsides and in open places. Also on Vieques, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, and Tortola. A species of Asiatic origin, cultivated throughout the tropics. Public forests: Ceiba, El, Yunque, Río Abajo, and Tortuguero. Erect or clambering shrubs, usually with opposite, axillary spines. Leaves opposite, small, with short petioles or sessile, the secondary veins inconspicuous; stipules absent. Flowers bisexual, zygomorphic, heterostylous, axillary, solitary or in short, condensed racemes. Calyx of 5 acicular sepals; corolla infundibuliform, zygomorphic, with 5 lobes, one of them wider than the others; stamens 2, inserted or exserted; ovary superior, bicarpellate, bilocular, the style filiform, the stigma bilobate. Fruit capsular, claviform; seeds 2 or 4, lenticular. A genus of 19 species, native to tropical America and Madagascar. 1. Oplonia spinosa (Jacq.) Raf., Fl. Tellur. 4: 65. 1838. Fig. 13. F-K BASIONYM: Justicia spinosa Jacq. SYNONYM: Anthacanthus spinosus (Jacq.) Nees Clambering shrub, 2-4 m in length. Stems slender, obtusely quadrangular, densely covered with minute, whitish hairs when young, with numerous lateral branches; spines axillary, 0.4- 1.2 cm long, recurved or rarely straight, perpendicular to the stem. Leaves opposite, usually clustered at the nodes; blades 0.5-2.2 × 0.4-2 cm, elliptical, obovate, or narrowly elliptical, rigid-coriaceous, glabrous, the apex obtuse or rounded, slightly sulcate, usually with a tuft of minute hairs, the base cuneate or attenuate, the margins revolute; upper surface shiny, usually with cystoliths; lower surface dull, pale green; petioles minute. Flowers solitary or clustered in condensed racemes; bracts minute, triangular. Calyx green, infundibuliform, ca. 3 mm long, of 5 lanceolate sepals; corolla lilac or lavender, 1.2-1.5 cm long. Capsules 1.2 cm long, claviform, glabrous; seeds 4, brown, lenticular, 3-4 mm long. Phenology: Flowering from December to July and fruiting from April to July. Status: Native, common. Distribution: In coastal thickets and in the zone of mogotes. Also on Vieques, Cayo Icacos, Buck Island, St. John, St. Croix, St. Thomas, Tortola, and Virgin Gorda; the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, and the Lesser Antilles. Public forests: Guajataca, Guánica, Maricao, Piñones, Río Abajo, and Susúa.
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Acelga trepadora ..................
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Wild cucumber .....................
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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