Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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42 Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands Key 1: LEAVES ABSENT OR INCONSPICUOUS 1a. Plants not parasitic, without leaves; stems green, with clustered spines ........................ Cactaceae 1b. Plants parasitic, with haustoria that penetrate the tissues of the host plant; leaves very reduced, ovate-triangular; stems yellow or yellowish green, without spines.................................................. 2 2a. Inflorescences spicate; anthers dehiscent by two small windows that open upwards; perianth of 3 tepals; style solitary ........................................................................................................... Lauraceae 2b. Inflorescences cymose; anthers dehiscent by longitudinal sutures; perianth of a calyx and a tubular corolla; styles 2 ............................................................................................................... Cuscutaceae Key 2: LEAVES COMPOUND 1a. Leaves alternate ................................................................................................................................. 2 1b. Leaves opposite .................................................................................................................................. 8 2a. Plants climbing by tendrils ................................................................................................................ 3 2b. Plants twining or scandent, without tendrils .................................................................................... 5 3a. Tendrils opposite the leaves .................................................................................................. Vitaceae 3b. Tendrils axillary or lateral to the leaves ........................................................................................... 4 4a. Leaves palmately lobed or palmatifid; tendrils lateral to the leaves, filiform, simple or branched, spiral-shaped .............................................................................................................. Cucurbitaceae 4b. Leaves pinnate, biternate, or triternate; tendrils axillary, in pairs, spirally twisted, usually at the base of the inflorescence ................................................................................................ Sapindaceae 5a. Plants clambering, with numerous recurved spines ......................................................................... 6 5b. Plants twining or with twining branches, without spines ................................................................ 7 6a. Flowers with numerous pistils (apocarpous carpels) that develop into concrescent fleshy follicles to form an aggregate fruit ....................................................................................................... Rosaceae 6b. Flowers with a single unicarpellate pistil that develops into a dry fruit that dehisces by the ventral suture (legume) .................................................................................................................... Fabaceae 7a. Lateral branches sometimes twining and with determinate growth, resembling a tendril; flowers with 5 apocarpous pistils, of which usually only one develops (the rest abort) into a fleshy follicle........................................................................................................................ Connaraceae 7b. Lateral branches twining, with indeterminate growth, not forming a structure similar to a tendril (except for Dalbergia); flowers with a single unicarpellate pistil that develops into a dry fruit that dehisces by the ventral suture (legume) ............................................................................. Fabaceae 8a. Plants climbing by tendrils .......................................................................................... Bignoniaceae 8b. Plants scandent, twining, or with the leaf rachis twining, without tendrils ................................... 9 9a. Plants scandent; flowers minute, yellow, aggregated on a common receptacle (head or capitulum)..................................................................................................................... Asteraceae 9b. Plants twining or with the leaf rachis twining ............................................................................... 10
Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 43 10a. Leaf rachis not twining; corolla gamopetalous............................................................................. 11 10b. Leaf rachis twining; corolla of free petals ............................................................. Ranunculaceae 11a. Plant woody, 5-10 m in length, not fetid; corolla hypocrateriform, 1.5-2.5 cm long...... Oleaceae 11b. Plant herbaceous, 1.5-2 m in length, fetid; corolla tubular, ca. 1.5 mm long ........ Valerianaceae Key 3: LEAVES SIMPLE OR UNIFOLIOLATE 1a. Leaves opposite .................................................................................................................................. 2 1b. Leaves alternate ............................................................................................................................... 23 2a. Plants scandent or clambering. ......................................................................................................... 3 2b. Plants twining or climbing by adventitious roots. ............................................................................ 8 3a. Perianth differentiated into a calyx and corolla; corolla gamopetalous. ......................................... 4 3b. Perianth not differentiated into a calyx and corolla, consisting of 5 tepals. ................................... 7 4a. Stipules present (sometimes early deciduous, but leaving a scar); ovary inferior or superior ........ 5 4b. Stipules absent; ovary superior .......................................................................................................... 6 5a. Ovary inferior .................................................................................................................... Rubiaceae 5b. Ovary superior ............................................................................................................. Buddlejaceae 6a. Corolla infundibuliform, the stamens slightly or not at all exserted; fruit capsular, opening in two longitudinal halves to reveal 2-4 seeds ........................................................................ Acanthaceae 6b. Corolla hypocrateriform, the stamens twice as long as the corolla, exserted; fruit drupaceous, with 4 pyrenes ......................................................................................................................... Verbenaceae 7a. Plant herbaceous or slightly woody, without spines; tepals in two series, free; fruit circumscissile, membranaceous, not glandular ................................................................................. Amaranthaceae 7b. Plant woody, with axillary spines; tepals united, forming a cone; fruit an anthocarp, with stipitate glands on its outer surface ......................................................................................... Nyctaginaceae 8a. Plants climbing by adventitious roots ............................................................................................... 9 8b. Plants twining .................................................................................................................................. 10 9a. Corolla white; plants with prominently elongate stipules............................................... Rubiaceae 9b. Corolla pink; plants without stipules .......................................................................... Bignoniaceae 10a. Plants with white or yellowish milky latex ................................................................................... 11 10b. Plants without colored latex .......................................................................................................... 13 11a. Latex of the plant yellowish; stamens numerous; fruit a multilocular capsule ................. Clusiaceae 11b. Latex of the plant white; stamens 5; fruit a unilocular follicle .................................................... 12 12a. Corona present; stamens fused around the ovary and united to the stigma to form a gynostegium ........................................................................................................................... Asclepiadaceae 12b. Corona absent; stamens free or concrescent around the style, without forming a gynostegium........................................................................................................... Apocynaceae
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Page 3: PREFACE To the future generation of
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Acelga trepadora ..................
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Wild cucumber .....................
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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