Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands
Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands
Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands
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<strong>Vines</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Climbing</strong> <strong>Plants</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Puerto</strong> <strong>Rico</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> <strong>Virgin</strong> Isl<strong>and</strong>s<br />
13a. Flowers with tepals (not differentiated in a calyx <strong>and</strong> corolla); cross section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stem with areas<br />
<strong>of</strong> phloem included in <strong>the</strong> xylem .............................................................................. Amaranthaceae<br />
13b. Flowers with a calyx <strong>and</strong> corolla; cross section <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> stem with <strong>the</strong> phloem external to <strong>the</strong> xylem<br />
.................................................................................................................................................................................14<br />
14a. Corolla <strong>of</strong> free petals ...................................................................................................................... 15<br />
14.a Corolla gamopetalous ....................................................................................................................17<br />
15a. Calyx elongate, tubular; petals pink to red .............................................................. Combretaceae<br />
15b. Calyx short, not tubular; petals yellow, green, yellowish green, or pink .................................... 16<br />
16a. Plant with short lateral branches that intertwine like tendrils; flowers minute (< 5 mm wide);<br />
calyx crateriform, with minute lobes; petals green or yellowish green; fruit capsular, with numerous<br />
winged seeds .................................................................................................................. Celastraceae<br />
16b. Plant lacking branches that resemble tendrils; flowers medium-sized (≥ 8 mm wide); calyx reduced<br />
to a pair <strong>of</strong> gl<strong>and</strong>s per sepal; petals yellow or pink; fruit a samaroid schizocarp, with only one seed<br />
per mericarp ............................................................................................................... Malpighiaceae<br />
17a. Ovary inferior ................................................................................................................................. 18<br />
17b. Ovary superior ............................................................................................................................... 20<br />
18a. Flowers aggregated in heads or capitula (with a receptacle in common), <strong>the</strong> heads forming a<br />
compound paniculiform or corymbiform inflorescence .................................................. Asteraceae<br />
18b. Flowers in panicles or aggregated in <strong>the</strong> leaf axils, not clustered in heads ................................19<br />
19a. Stipules present; corolla < 8 mm long, actinomorphic, with 5 similar lobes ............... Rubiaceae<br />
19b. Stipules absent; corolla > 2 cm long, zygomorphic, bilabiate (4 lobes united <strong>and</strong> one separate)<br />
..................................................................................................................... Caprifoliaceae<br />
20a. Stipules intrapetiolar, gl<strong>and</strong>ular; flowers or inflorescences not showy; corolla cream-colored;<br />
stamens 5, concrescent around <strong>the</strong> stigma; fruits <strong>of</strong> two follicles, with numerous seeds crowned<br />
with long, silky hairs .................................................................................................... Apocynaceae<br />
20b. Stipules absent; flowers or inflorescences showy; corolla <strong>of</strong> various colors, but not cream-colored;<br />
stamens 2 or 4; fruits capsular, fleshy, or dry, not follicular; seeds without long, silky hairs ...... 21<br />
21a. Fruits capsular, opening in two longitudinal halves; placental tissue persistent, projecting like a<br />
spur .............................................................................................................Acanthaceae<br />
21b. Fruits fleshy, indehiscent; placental tissue inconspicuous ........................................................... 22<br />
22a. Stamens 4; fruits with 2 or 4 pyrenes, containing 2 seeds ......................................... Verbenaceae<br />
22b. Stamens 2; fruits without pyrenes, containing a single seed .......................................... Oleaceae<br />
23a. <strong>Plants</strong> climbing by adventitious roots ........................................................................................... 24<br />
23b. <strong>Plants</strong> twining, sc<strong>and</strong>ent, clambering, or climbing by tendrils ................................................... 25<br />
24a. Plant with abundant milky latex; inflorescence a pear-shaped syconium (resembling a fruit)<br />
................................................................................................................Moraceae<br />
24b. Plant without latex; inflorescence umbelliform, with large nectaries in <strong>the</strong> center <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> inflorescence<br />
.......................................................................................................................... Marcgraviaceae
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