Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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274 Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands open in a spiral. Seeds oblong or ovoid, 6-8 mm long, light brown. Phenology: Flowering from June to December and fruiting from November to April. Status: Endemic, very common. 16. PACHYRHIZUS 17. PHASEOLUS Distribution: In the moist or wet forests of the Cordillera Central, the Sierra de Luquillo, and in the area of mogotes, at middle and upper elevations. Public Forests: Carite, Guajataca, Guilarte, El Yunque, Maricao, Río Abajo, Susúa, and Toro Negro. Herbaceous or slightly woody vines, twining, with tuberous roots. Leaves alternate, trifoliolate; stipels filiform; stipules lanceolate, persistent. Inflorescences of axillary or terminal pseudoracemes, long-pedunculate; bracts minute. Calyx campanulate, bilabiate, with 5 lobes; corolla blue or violet, the standard broadly obovate, auriculate, oblong, the wings oblong-falcate, with a curved appendage at the base of the inner margin, adhering to the keel along the basal portion of the inner margin, the keel as long as the wings, recurved; stamens 10, diadelphous; ovary superior, subsessile, with many ovules, the style curved, the stigma globose. Fruit an oblong legume, coriaceous, flattened, dehiscent, the valves septate internally between the seeds; seeds flattened, with a hilum of reduced size. A genus of 6 species, distributed throughout the Neotropics. 1. Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 311. 1905. Fig. 110. A-E BASIONYM: Dolichos erosus L. SYNONYM: Cacara erosa (L.) Kuntze Jícama Herbaceous vine, twining, attainig 3-10 m in length. Tuberous roots thick. Stems cylindrical, slightly ribbed, pilose. Leaves alternate, trifoliolate; leaflets chartaceous, the apex shortacuminate, the margins deeply dentate, the teeth mucronate; upper surface dark green, dull, sparsely appressed-pubescent, with slightly prominent venation; lower surface pale green, sparsely appressed-pubescent, with the reticulate venation prominent; terminal leaflet 8-16 × 9-19 cm, rhombic, the base cuneate or sub-reniform; lateral leaflets asymmetrical, broadly ovateelliptical, the base cuneate-subtruncate; petiolules thickened, pubescent, with a pair of stipels at the base; rachis 3-4 cm long, pilose; petioles 8-13 cm long, sulcate, pilose, with the base broadened. Inflorescences of axillary pseudoracemes, erect, 30-45 cm long, the flowers in groups of 1-5 per node of the inflorescence; pedicels 6-8 mm long; bracteoles minute, oblong. Calyx 9-11 mm long, green, campanulate, the sepals 4, one larger that the others; corolla blue or blue-violet, the standard semicircular, ca. 1.5 cm long, emarginate, the wings and the keel as long as the standard; stamens 10, diadelphous. Fruit an oblong legume, flattened, 7-15 × 1.1-2 cm, pubescent. Seeds quadrangular, flattened, ca. 7 mm long, dark brown. Phenology: Collected in flower during September and in fruit in January, February, and August. Status: Exotic, cultivated and naturalized, locally common. Distribution: In areas of degraded vegetation, along trails and in secondary forests. Native of southern Mexico, widely cultivated throughout the tropics for its edible tuberous roots. Public Forest: Guajataca. Erect herbs or twining vines, with a pubescence of uncinate hairs. Leaves alternate, trifoliolate, with the rachis more or less elongate; stipules striate, truncate at the base, persistent; stipels minute. Inflorescences of axillary racemes, with the nodes not swollen and lacking extrafloral nectaries; bracts
Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 275 minute, persistent. Calyx campanulate, bilabiate, with 5 minute lobes at the apex; corolla white, pink, red, purple, or yellow, the standard symmetrical, rounded, unguiculate, reflexed, the keel spirally twisted, narrow; stamens 10, diadelphous; ovary almost sessile, linear, with one or more ovules, the style spirally twisted, (1.5-2 turns), barbate, the stigma terminal. Fruit a linear or oblong legume, straight, dehiscent; seeds oblong. A genus of 200 species, of cosmopolitan distribution. Key to the species of Phaseolus 1a. Legume falcate, curved, up to 2 cm wide; leaflets truncate at the base ……….............. 1. P. lunatus 1b. Legume oblong, straight or slightly curved, up to 1 cm wide; leaflets rounded or cuneate at the base………..……....……………………………………...…………........................…. 2. P. vulgaris 1. Phaseolus lunatus L., Sp. Pl. 724. 1753. Fig. 110. F-I Herbaceous vine, twining, attainig 5-6 m in length. Stems obtuse-pentagonal or cylindrical, puberulent. Leaves alternate, trifoliolate; leaflets chartaceous, the apex acute or short-acuminate, the margins sinuate; upper surface dark green, dull, glabrous, with slightly prominent venation; lower surface pale green or glaucous, glabrous, with the primary and secondary venation prominent; terminal leaflet 5.5-11 × 3.5-7.5 cm, rhombic or deltate, the base cuneate or truncate; lateral leaflets asymmetrically deltate, the base truncate; petiolules thickened, 3-5 mm long, pubescent; rachis 1.5-2.5 cm long; petioles 6.5-9 cm long, sulcate, puberulent, the base slightly broadened. Inflorescences of axillary pseudoracemes, erect, 3-30 cm long, the flowers in groups of 2 per node of the inflorescence; pedicels 6-9 mm long, pilose; bracteoles minute, oblong. Calyx 2-2.5 mm long, green, campanulate, pilose, the sepals deltate, subequal; corolla white or lilac, pink or bluish, the standard semicircular, 7-10 mm long, abaxially pilose, the wings obovate, unguiculate, as long as the standard, the keel spirally twisted, ca. 1 cm long; stamens 10, diadelphous, the vexillar stamen broadened at the base; ovary with hispidulous pubescence, intermingled with uncinate hairs. Fruit an oblong-falcate legume or in the form of a half-moon, flattened, 5-7 × 1-2 cm, puberulent with uncinate hairs or glabrescent, dehiscent by valves that open in a spiral. Seeds reniform, flattened, ca. 7 mm long, reddish brown, with dark spots. Phenology: Collected in flower and fruit from December to June. Status: Exotic, cultivated and naturalized, locally common. Distribution: In areas of degraded vegetation, along trails, on fences, and in thickets. Also in the Antilles. Probably native to tropical continental America, where it is widely cultivated. Introduced in the tropics of the Old World. 2. Phaseolus vulgaris L., Sp. Pl. 723. 1753. Fig. 110. J-M Habichuelas, Frijoles Herbaceous vine, climbing or creeping, attainig 3 m in length, or sometimes an erect herb. Stems obtuse-pentagonal or cylindrical, puberulent. Leaves alternate, trifoliolate; leaflets chartaceous, the apex acuminate, the margins entire; upper surface dark green, dull, appressedpuberulent, with slightly prominent venation; lower surface pale green, appressed-puberulent, with prominent venation; terminal leaflet 6-10 × 5-7.5 cm, deltate or rhombic, the base cuneate or truncate; lateral leaflets asymmetrically deltate, the base truncate-obtuse; petiolules thickened, 4- 6 mm long, pilose; rachis 1.8-2.8 cm long, marginate or slightly winged; petioles 8-15 cm long, adaxially flattened, marginate, puberulent; stipules triangular, ca. 4 mm long; stipels oblong, ca. 3 mm long. Inflorescences of axillary pseudoracemes, the rachis up to 8 cm long, uncinate-pubescent, the flowers usually 4, in groups of 2 per node, this with an ovate bract, persistent at the base; pedicels 7-8 mm long, pilose; bracteoles elliptic-ovate, rounded at the apex, up to 7.5 mm long. Calyx 3.5-4 mm long, green, obliquely campanulate, puberulent, the sepals unequal; corolla white to lilac, pink, or
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributio
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PREFACE To the future generation of
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto
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Acelga trepadora ..................
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Wild cucumber .....................
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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