Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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396 Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 4. PETREA Tress, shrubs, or twining vines, without spines, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves simple, opposite, subopposite, or whorled, usually scabrous, petiolate, with entire or slightly crenate margins; stipules absent. Flowers bisexual, in axillary or terminal racemes. Calyx with a short cylindrical or campanulate tube and 5 deep lobes, elongate; corolla, hypocrateriform, blue, violet, or less frequently white, the tube urceolate, cylindrical, or infundibuliform, the lobes 5, expanded; stamens 4, the filaments didynamous, connate on the middle portion of the corolla; ovary superior, with a single fertile carpel, bilocular, each locule with a solitary ovule; style terminal, the stigma capitate. Fruit drupaceous, with 2 pyrenes, completely covered by the calyx. A genus of 11 species, native to the Neotropics. 1. Petrea volubilis L., Sp. Pl. 626. 1753. Fig. 161. F-H Twining liana or shrub, scandent or less frequently erect, with numerous basal branches, attainig 2-4 m in length. Stems obtusely quadrangular, pubescent or glabrous; stipules absent. Leaves opposite, sometimes whorled, 3- 25 × 1.5-11 cm, elliptical, chartaceous, the apex obtuse, rounded-acute, or short-acuminate, the base obtuse or rounded, sometimes slightly asymmetrical, the margins entire, crenate, or sometimes serrate; upper surface glabrous or puberulent, scaberulous, with prominent venation; lower surface puberulent or glabrous, pale green, scaberulous, with numerous resinous dots, the References: Abid, M. A., 1966. A revision of Congea (Verbenaceae). The Garden’s Bulletin Singapore. 21: 259-314. Moldenke, H. N. and A. L. Moldenke. 1983. Verbenaceae. In: Dassanayake and Fosberg, (eds.). Flora of Ceylon. Vol. 4: 196-487. Rueda, R. M. 1994. Systematics and evolution of the genus Petrea (Verbenaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 81: 610-652. 50. Family VITACEAE Key to the genera venation prominent; petioles 4-16 mm long, puberulent. Inflorescences of axillary racemes, 10- 60 cm long; bracts minute; pedicels 7-18 mm long, slender, puberulent. Calyx infundibuliform, blue-violet or white, the sepals 1.6-2 cm long, connate at the base to form a tube, 3-7 mm long, glabrous or pubescent; corolla infundibuliform, blue-violet or white, 0.6-1.5 cm long, the limb 5lobate, one of the lobes larger; stamens included; ovary glabrous, the style short. Fruit unknown. Phenology: Flowering sporadically throughout the year. Status: Exotic, cultivated. Distribution: Common in gardens in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Native to tropical continental America. Cultivated throughout the tropics. 1a. Stems generally herbaceous and fleshy; inflorescences ascendent or expanded toward the sides, as broad as long or broader than long; flowers 4-merous; petals persistent after anthesis ..............................................…………………...............................................................1. Cissus 1b. Stems woody when mature; inflorescences pendulous, much longer than broad; flowers 5-merous; petals concrescent at the apex, forming a deciduous aggregate during anthesis …………………..............................................………………...........................................2. Vitis
Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 397 1. CISSUS Vines, usually fleshy, that climb by means of tendrils opposite the leaves. The stems fleshy or slightly woody, without anatomical anomalies, producing scarce watery latex when cut. Leaves simple or trifoliolate, alternate, with serrate or entire margins; petioles more or less long; stipules small and deciduous. Flowers 4-merous, actinomorphic, usually bisexual, produced in compound cymes, opposite the leaves; calyx campanulate, with 4 minute lobes; petals 4, reflexed during anthesis; stamens alternating with the petals; disc cupuliform, entire or lobate; ovary superior, bilocular, with a robust and elongate style. Fruit a fleshy berry, globose, ovoid, or depressed-globose. A pantropical genus of 350 species. Key to the species of Cissus 1a. Leaves simple…………………………………………………………………………..……….2 1b. Leaves trifoliolate……………………………………………………………………………….3 2a. Leaves ovate, coriaceous ……………….……………………………….….….. 5. C. verticillata 2b. Leaves elliptical, fleshy ………………………………………………………. 3. C. rotundifolia 3a. Stems angular, 4-6-winged; terminal leaflet 4.3-15 cm long, usually elliptical, lanceolate, or ovate …..…………………………..……………..……...………………………….........… 1. C. erosa 3b. Stems cylindrical, sometimes sulcate; terminal leaflet 1.6-4 cm long, rhombic or obovate….... 4 4a. Terminal leaflets obovate, obtuse, or rounded at the apex, the margins crenate or scattered-dentate; flowers red…......…..……………………………………………................………. 2. C. obovata 4b. Terminal leaflets rhombic, acute at the apex, the margins sinuate-dentate on the upper half; flowers yellowish green ………………...………………………………………................ 4. C. trifoliata 1. Cissus erosa L.C. Rich., Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. 1: 106. 1792. Fig. 162. A-J Caro de tres hojas Non-woody vine, that climbs by means of tendrils and attains 5-6 m in length. Stems angular, quadrangular, or 4-6-winged, branched, glabrous or puberulent, the nodes swollen. Leaves alternate, trifoliolate; leaflets elliptical, lanceolate, or ovate, 4.3-10.5 × 3-5.5 cm (the terminal leaflet larger), glabrous or puberulent on the prominent veins, the apex acute or obtuse, the base acute, obtuse, or attenuate on the central leaflet and unequal on the lateral leaflets, the margins serrate; petiolules very short or absent; petioles canaliculate or slightly winged, 2-3(5) cm long; stipules deltoid, auriculate at the base, 2-4 mm long. Tendrils opposite the leaves, simple, filiform, 10-12 cm long, sometimes terminating in adventitious discs. Inflorescences of umbelliform cymes, opposite the leaves; peduncle longer than the accompanying leaf; pedicels 2- 2.5 mm long, reddish. Calyx ca. 1 mm high, red or pink, truncate; petals red, glabrous, papillose; stamens green; disc reddish. Fruits globose, 5-7 mm in diameter, black when ripe. Seed one, 5-7 mm long. Phenology: Flowering throughout the year. Status: Native, common. Distribution: In disturbed areas on roadsides, on fences, and in pastures at lower and middle elevations. Also on Anegada; Hispaniola and tropical continental America. Public Forests: El Yunque, Guilarte, Maricao, Río Abajo, and Tortuguero. 2. Cissus obovata Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 19. 1794. Fig. 163. A-D SYNONYMS: Cissus caustica Tussac Cissus tuberculata Jacq. Slightly woody vine that climbs by means of tendrils and attains 3-15 m in length. Stems much
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributio
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PREFACE To the future generation of
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto
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Acelga trepadora ..................
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Wild cucumber .....................
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