Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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28 Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 4. Family GLEICHENIACEAE Key to the genera 1a. Leaf blade with secondary venation (between the midvein and the margin) 2-5 times bifurcate; rhizomes and fronds without scales ....................................................................... 1. Dicranopteris 1b. Leaf blade with secondary venation (between the midvein and the margin) only once bifurcate; rhizomes and fronds with scales (fronds with scales at least at the apical meristems)....... 2. Gleichenia
Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 29 1. DICRANOPTERIS Terrestrial ferns; rhizomes elongate, creeping with setulose trichomes, without scales. Fronds monomorphic, with periodic indeterminate growth, 4-5 times bifurcate; pinnae, pinnules, and secondary pinnules opposite, the secondary venation 2-4 times bifurcate, the lower surface glaucous; petioles brittle and glabrous. Sori rounded, without an indusium, on the secondary veins, with 6-15 sessile sporangia. A tropical genus of about 10 species. Key to the species of Dicranopteris 1a. Area of frond bifurcation with a pair of accessory pinnae; tertiary rachis of the fronds slightly angular; lower surface pale green, glabrous ............................................................... 1. D. flexuosa 1b. Area of frond bifurcation without accessory pinnae or sometimes with accessory pinnae only in the primary bifurcations; tertiary rachis of the fronds with narrow longitudinal keels; lower surface glaucous, glabrous, or sometimes with scattered stellate hairs ................................ 2. D. pectinata 1. Dicranopteris flexuosa (Schrad.) Underw., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 254. 1907. Fig. 8. A-E BASIONYM: Mertensia flexuosa Schrad. SYNONYM: Gleichenia flexuosa (Schrad.) Mett. Terrestrial fern. Rhizomes creeping, with deciduous setose trichomes. Fronds clambering or decumbent, 1-2 m long, forming a dense thicket difficult to penetrate; pinnae 4 times bifurcate, with a pair of accessory pinnae of reduced size and a tuft of rigid, reddish trichomes in the area of bifurcation; rachis cylindrical and brittle, the primary rachis with proleptic indeterminate growth, the secondary or tertiary rachis of determinate growth, the latter angular; secondary pinnules oblong-deltoid to linear, glabrous, the secondary venation 2-4 times bifurcate, the apex obtuse, the margins revolute; lower surface pale green, glabrous. Sori reddish brown, 0.2-0.4 mm in diameter. Phenology: Probably found in fertile condition throughout the year. Status: Native, very common. Distribution: Widely distributed in moist disturbed areas along varying elevational gradients. Also in the Antilles, the United States (Florida), Central America, and tropical South America. Public forests: Carite, El Yunque, Maricao, Río Abajo, Toro Negro, and Tortuguero. 2. Dicranopteris pectinata (Willd.) Underw., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 34: 260. 1907. Fig. 8. F-G BASIONYM: Mertensia pectinata Willd. Terrestrial fern. Rhizomes creeping, scabrous, light brown, with deciduous articulate hairs. Fronds clambering or decumbent, 1-2 m long, forming a dense thicket difficult to penetrate; pinnae unequally bifurcate, with a tuft of rigid, reddish trichomes in the area of bifurcation, but without accessory pinnae or these only in the primary bifurcations; axes cylindrical and brittle, primary rachis proleptic, with sympodial growth, tertiary rachis with two narrow longitudinal keels; leaf segments oblong-deltoid, the secondary venation 3-5 times bifurcate, the apex retuse, the margins revolute; lower surface glaucous, glabrous, or sometimes stellate-pubescent. Sori yellowish, 0.5-0.7 mm in diameter. Phenology: Probably found in fertile condition throughout the year. Status: Native, very common. Distribution: Widely distributed in moist disturbed areas at various elevations. Of wide distribution in the Neotropics. Public forests: Carite, El Yunque, Maricao, and Río Abajo.
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Acelga trepadora ..................
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Wild cucumber .....................
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