Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands

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354 Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands solitary; peduncles strigose; pedicels 1.2-3 cm long, strigose, with a pair of minute bracteoles near the base. Sepals white, cream-colored, or pale green, oblong or elliptical, 8-10 mm long, sericeous-pubescent on the outer surface; stamens 16-66, unequal; carpels 20-60, ca. 6 mm long. Fruit an elliptical achene, compressed, ca. 4 mm long, pilose, the margin thickened, the style plumose, persistent, 4-6 cm long, dispersed by the wind. Phenology: Collected in flower in October and November and in fruit in December and January. Status: Native, relatively common. Distribution: In disturbed areas, secondary vegetation, and thickets. Also from central Mexico to Panama and the Greater Antilles. Public Forests: Guajataca, Guilarte, Maricao, and Río Abajo. Commentary: The three species present in Puerto Rico had been treated as a single species under the name of Clematis dioica. The revision of Moreno (1993) reveals the presence of three species in Puerto Rico, with C. dioica limited to the Greater Antilles. The species that is found in the Lesser Antilles corresponds, according to her, to C. guadeloupae Pers. Reference: Moreno, N.P. 1993. Taxonomic revision of Clematis L. subgenus Clematis (Ranunculaceae) for Latin America and the Caribbean. Doctoral thesis, Rice University. 38. Family RHAMNACEAE 1. GOUANIA Woody vines that climb by means of axillary tendrils, basal to the inflorescences. Leaves alternate, chartaceous or coriaceous, usually serrate; stipules small, persistent. Flowers bisexual or less frequently unisexual, actinomorphic, in axillary or terminal spikes, racemes, or panicles; calyx conical to campanulate, with 5 lobes; petals 5, greenish yellow or whitish, unguiculate, concave; stamens 5, as long as the petals, usually hooded by the petal, the filaments adnate to the margin of the disc; disc crateriform; ovary subinferior, trilocular, the locules uniovulate, the stigmas 3, reflexed. Fruit a schizocarp, trilocular, three-winged, septicidal, that separates into 3 indehiscent mericarps; seeds obovate. A pantropical genus of about 50 species. Key to the species of Gouania 1a. Leaves 4.5-7.5 cm long, glabrous or puberulent ………..…….….…………….. 1. G. lupuloides 1b. Leaves 5-15 cm long, pubescent ……………………………………………..… 2. G. polygama 1. Gouania lupuloides (L.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 378. 1910. Fig. 144. A-H BASIONYM: Banisteria lupuloides L. SYNONYM: Rhamnus domingensis Jacq. Gouania domingensis (Jacq.) L. Bejuco indio, Bejuco de sopla, Sopla, Chow stick, Soap stick, Soap vine, White root Woody vine that climbs by means of tendrils and attains 7-12 m in length. Stems with many lateral branches; bark grayish, fissured. Branches cylindrical, green, glabrous or puberulent; tendrils simple, semicircular in form, basal to the inflorescences or terminal on short lateral branches. Leaves alternate, 4.5-7.5(10.5) × 2- 4(6.5) cm, chartaceous, ovate or elliptical, glabrous or puberulent, the apex acute or short-
Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands 355 acuminate, the base rounded or subcordiform, the margins serrate; upper surface dark green, shiny, with the venation sunken; lower surface pale green, slightly shiny, with prominent venation; petioles 0.5-1.5 cm; stipules 2-3 mm long. Inflorescences of racemes, terminal or on short axillary branches, 5-10 cm long, pubescent. Calyx pubescent outside, the sepals ca. 1 mm long, triangular, glabrous on the inner surface; petals yellowish, ca. 1 mm long, forming a hood that covers the stamen; stamens slightly shorter than the petals; disc ca. 1 mm high. Fruit a threewinged schizocarp, 5-7 mm long, dehiscent into 3 trigonal mericarps. Seeds 3-4 mm long. Phenology: Flowering from August to March and fruiting from November to March. Status: Native, very common. Distribution: In disturbed areas, secondary forests, and dry forests at lower and middle elevations. Also on Vieques, St. Croix, St. John, St. Thomas, and Tortola; throughout the Antilles, the United States (southern Florida) and from southern Mexico to northern South America. Public Forests: Cambalache, Ceiba, Guajataca, Guánica, Maricao, Río Abajo, and Susúa. 2. Gouania polygama (Jacq.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 4: 378. 1910. Fig. 144. I-N BASIONYM: Rhamnus polygamus Jacq. SYNONYM: Gouania tomentosa Jacq. Mascapelo 39. Family ROSACEAE 1. RUBUS Woody vine that climbs by means of tendrils and attains 8-15 m in length. Stems grayish, attaining 3 cm in diameter. Branches green, ferruginous-tomentose, slightly striate; tendrils simple, semicircular, basal to the inflorescences or distal on short lateral branches. Leaves alternate, 5-15 × 3.2-7.5 cm, broadly elliptical, oblong, or ovate, chartaceous, the apex obtuse, acute, or short-acuminate, the base subcordiform or rounded, the margins serrate; upper surface dark green, slightly shiny, pubescent; lower surface pale green, dull, pilose, with prominent venation; petioles 1-1.5 cm long, pubescent. Inflorescences of axillary or terminal racemes, 10- 22 cm long. Calyx 1.5-2 mm long, cupuliform, whitish, tomentose, the sepals ovate, 0.7-1 mm long; petals whitish, ca. 1 mm long, spathulate, enclosing the stamens; stamens as long as the petals; disc almost pentagonal, fleshy; styles 3. Fruit a three-winged schizocarp, 8-12 mm long, dehiscent into 3 indehiscent mericarps, trigonal, with a wing on each side of the seminiferous center. Seeds ovate, light brown, shiny, ca. 3 mm long. Phenology: Collected in flower from October to November and in fruit from December to January. Status: Native, locally common. Distribution: In disturbed areas, more or less moist, at middle elevations, in western and central Puerto Rico. Also in Cuba, Hispaniola, Tobago, Trinidad, and tropical continental America. Public Forests: Guánica, Guajataca, Guilarte, Río Abajo, and Susúa. Erect, clambering, or decumbent shrubs, with numerous recurved spines. Leaves alternate, compound, trifoliolate or 5-9-pinnate; stipules small, conspicuous, usually adnate to the petiole, persistent. Flowers bisexual, actinomorphic, in axillary or terminal racemes or panicles; calyx with 5 lobes, usually glandular; petals 5, free, white; stamens numerous, the filaments free; gynoecium of numerous coherent carpels, superior, uniovulate. Fruit a syncarp of numerous, minute, coherent drupes. A genus of about 250 species, the majority of the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere.
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SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributio
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PREFACE To the future generation of
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Vines and Climbing Plants of Puerto
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Acelga trepadora ..................
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Wild cucumber .....................
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