A guide for planners and managers - IUCN

Table of Contents
4.6 Economic Criteria 91
4.7 Ecological Criteria 92
4.8 Regional Criteria 93
4.9 Pragmatic Criteria 93
5. Strategies and Tools 97
5.1 Geographic Information Systems 97
5.2 Remote Sensing 99
5.3 Participatory Rural Assessment 102
5.4 Education and Outreach 102
5.5 Scientific Input 105
5.6 Restoration 106
5.7 Coastal Zone Management 107
5.8 Zones of Influence 113
5.9 Categories of Marine and Coastal Protected Areas 115
5.10 Economic Innovations 121
6. Institutional and Legal Framework 131
6.1 The Legal Basis of Coastal and Marine Protection 131
6.2 Diagnosis 133
6.3 Different Laws for Different States 134
6.4 Importance of MPA Boundaries 141
6.5 Legislative Options 142
6.6 International Tools for MPAs 145
6.7 The New International Legal Regime 152
6.8 General Guidelines 153
Part II Protected Areas in Different Environments 159
1. Protected Areas for Coral Reefs 161
1.1 Ecology 161
1.2 The Value of Coral Reefs 164
1.3 Threats from Human Activities 166
1.4 Global Status of Coral Reef Protected Areas 169
1.5 Avoiding Degradation of Reefs 169
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