A guide for planners and managers - IUCN

PART II
Protected Areas for Lagoons and Estuaries
Section I-5.8). This approach gives site management a formal mechanism for
negotiating with the entities that do have control over activities outside the MPA
boundaries.
Kapetsky (1981) discusses the management of coastal lagoon and estuarine
fisheries in considerable detail. Some considerations in managing recreational
activities in estuaries are listed in Table II-11. Other aspects of mangrove value, use,
and management are discussed by Hamilton and Snedaker (1984) and Saenger et al.
(1983). Detailed information on mangrove ecology and the principles and guidelines
for a range of management options, including survey techniques, have been defined
by FAO (1994).
Table II-11. Management Implications of Recreational and Educational Activities in Estuaries
and Their Associated Habitats
Boating
Generally acceptable but needs to be regulated by zones and speed limits.
Speeding boats and large wakes may erode creek banks.
May result in collision, propeller lacerations, and death of endangered manatee or
dugong.
May disturb roosting and nesting birds if inadequately managed.
Needs to be diverted from critical bird habitats during the nesting season.
Fishing
May cause social problems through conflict between recreational, subsistence, and
industrial activities.
Generally acceptable within sustainable limits.
May be zoned, regulated and monitored.
Hunting
Should be discouraged.
Conflicts with other nonconsumptive pursuits, such as bird watching and photography.
When permitted should be zoned to areas that do not conflict with other uses (water
sports, fisheries), and must be regulated at sustainable levels.
Swimming, Diving, Nature Viewing, and Relaxation
Generally acceptable.
Should be subject to safety regulations.
Should be prohibited in particular critical habitats of sensitive species.
Walking on Tidal Flats and Through Wetlands
May cause compaction of the substrate and mortality of sessile life along frequently
used trails and may alter drainage patterns.
Should be monitored and if necessary routes should be changed.
May be effectively controlled by confinement to boardwalks supported above the
substrate; boardwalks offer numerous opportunities for efficient environmental
interpretation.
Research and Education Programmes
Should be encouraged.
May require regulation and monitoring in sensitive environments.
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