A guide for planners and managers - IUCN

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Table II-5. Connections Between Coral Reefs and Neighbouring and Linked Habitats Habitat Neighbouring Benefits Potential Harmful Impacts Linking Mechanisms Reef flat Introduces fixed nitrogen, Transport by waves dissolved and particulate currents, fishes organic compounds to reef food web and sea urchins As feeding ground and nursery Nocturnal/diurnai for reef fishes, increases diversity and abundance of reef species migration Sea grass beds Introduce dissolved and Transport by particulate organic compounds currents, fishes to reef food web and sea urchins As feeding grounds and nurseries Nocturnal/diurnal for reef organisms, increase migration diversity and abundance of reef species Consolidate sediments, protecting Destruction of seagrass beds Transport by waves reef from smothering by repeated anchoring and currents releases sediments into the water column and increases turbidity; reef organisms can be smothered, resulting in decrease of diversity and abundance of reef species. Sand or mud flats As feeding grounds for reef Nocturnal/diurnal fishes, increase diversity migration and abundance of reef species 176 MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AREAS
Mangroves, lagoons, Introduce dissolved and particulate Transport by tidal estuaries organic compounds to reef food web flushing and currents As feeding grounds and nurseries Nocturnal/diurnal for reef fishes, increase diversity migration and abundance of reef species Trap pollutants and silt, protecting Disturbance of substrate, release Transport by tidal reef from poisoning or smothering of trapped silt and pollutants flushing, stream can result in smothering flow, and currents or poisoning of reef organisms Linked Beaches and dunes Sand released by erosion or Transport by wind, destruction of binding waves, and currents vegetation may smother organisms Watersheds Regulate stream flow Silt, floods, and dilution of seawater Transport by streams caused by deforestation and and currents erosion can stress organisms Urban or industrial Litter; domestic, chemical, and Transport by streams Developments thermal pollution; increased and currents freshwater runoff can poison or physically damage organisms or cause eutrophication Agricultural Silt, floods, and dilution Transport by stream: development of seawater; pesticides, and currents herbicides, and fertiliser pollution can smother organisms or cause eutrophication Source: Salm (1984). PART II Protected Areas for Coral Reefs 177
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Marine and Coastal Protected Areas
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The designation of geographical ent
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viii MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED A
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x MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AREA
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Acknowledgements This book largely
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Table of contents Part I Creating M
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Table of Contents 4.6 Economic Crit
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Table of Contents Review of Highlig
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2 MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AREA
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10 MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED ARE
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The Roles of Protected Areas Marine
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PART I The Roles of Protected Areas
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Box I-1. Ecosystem Conservation: La
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harvest of edible resources (e.g.,
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Photo by R. Salm. PART I The Roles
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Selection of Marine Protected Areas
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PART I Selection of Marine Protecte
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Table I-3. Model Habitat/Ecosystem
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4.5 Social Criteria Social and cult
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4.6 Economic Criteria Economic bene
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100 MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AR
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Page 155 and 156: 6.2 Diagnosis PART I Institutional
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Page 161 and 162: Box I-17. Funding MPAs through “B
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Page 187 and 188: FIGURE II-4. PART II Protected Area
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Page 197: Table II-4: Diversity of Corals on
Page 207 and 208: Protected Areas for Lagoons and Est
Page 209 and 210: PART II Protected Areas for Lagoons
Page 211 and 212: Wetlands provide opportunities for
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Page 225 and 226: 2.8 General Information Needs PART
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Review of Highlights of the Case Hi
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PART III Case Histories of Marine P
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Box III-1. The Relationship between
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Negative lessons learned: High comm
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Background PART III Case Histories
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The start of the SMMA PART III Case
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Establishment of Ngeruangel Reserve
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Problem PART III Case Histories of
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The Initial Process PART III Case H
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1. Involving women in assessment an
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PART IV References Agardy, T.S. Mar
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PART IV References Davis-Case, D. 1
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PART IV References Hamilton, L. S.,
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PART IV References McNeely, J.A. 19
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PART IV References Saenger, P., E.
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PART IV References Terborgh, J. 197
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A guide for planners and managers - IUCN

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