A guide for planners and managers - IUCN

More documents

Recommendations

Info

272 MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AREAS Management of Key Largo and Looe Key has been like managing “islands” in the ecosystem. Regardless of the intensity of management effort, scientists have documented a decrease in the amount of living coral cover, as well as recruitment of new corals. Following studies that characterized the flow of water in and around the Looe Key, it became clear that the potential for water quality impacts originating outside the boundaries of the Sanctuaries was very high. Even after its great expansion, the Florida Keys marine protected area is dwarfed by the huge Central and South Florida ecosystem that drains into it. This system begins at the headwaters of the Kissimmee River, includes Lake Okeechobee, the Everglades Agricultural Area, Everglades National Park, and Florida Bay. There is extensive agricultural and urban activity in this area which is the source of directed pollution discharge (point source) and runoff pollution (non-point source), all of which runs south into the waters surrounding the Florida Keys. Solution The establishment of the much larger Florida Keys protected area made it possible for Sanctuary management (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration— NOAA) to look at holistic management of the coral reef community. In addition, the Act that established the Sanctuary also called for the Federal Environmental Protection Agency and the State of Florida, in coordination with NOAA, to develop a comprehensive water quality protection programme for the Sanctuary. The focus of this plan is mainly on land based sources of water quality impacts, including pollution that originates outside the boundary of the enlarged Sanctuary. Currently, there is a Federal Task Force that has been established to develop a plan to restore the South Florida ecosystem as it is described above. Although complete restoration may not be feasible, major hydrological linkages and ecological linkages can be restored to the point that a natural functioning ecosystem can be maintained. Lessons Learned FIGURE III-6. Snorkelers enjoy the Florida Keys Sanctuary which extends from Miami to Key West. The sanctuary is affected by a variety of agricultural and urban pollutants entering from the north and by major changes in the amount and periodicity of flow through the Everglades National Park. Today, it is obvious that successful management of the coral reef resources of the Florida Keys depends on the ability of Sanctuary management to address impacts that come from outside the physical boundaries of the Sanctuary (which go only up to mean
PART III Case Histories of Marine Protected Areas high water). In order to be successful in protecting the resources of the Keys, Sanctuary managers must be capable of influencing interagency activities that affect the quality of the water that flows through the Keys and out to the reefs. In order to be fully successful in protecting the resources of the Sanctuary, it is important to be able to address the impacts affecting the entire South Florida ecosystem. Whereas eight years ago Sanctuary Managers felt they were managing the “coral reef ecosystem” of the Florida Keys, today it is recognized that the coral reef community of the Florida Keys is only a small portion of an enormous ecosystem. Source: Billy Causey, in Coastal Zone Management Handbook. Lewis/CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida (1996). 694 pp. 273
Page 3:
Marine and Coastal Protected Areas
Page 6 and 7:
The designation of geographical ent
Page 8 and 9:
viii MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED A
Page 10 and 11:
x MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AREA
Page 13:
Acknowledgements This book largely
Page 17 and 18:
Table of contents Part I Creating M
Page 19 and 20:
Table of Contents 4.6 Economic Crit
Page 21:
Table of Contents Review of Highlig
Page 24 and 25:
2 MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AREA
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
10 MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED ARE
Page 35 and 36:
The Roles of Protected Areas Marine
Page 37 and 38:
PART I The Roles of Protected Areas
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Box I-1. Ecosystem Conservation: La
Page 49 and 50:
harvest of edible resources (e.g.,
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Photo by R. Salm. PART I The Roles
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 103 and 104:
Selection of Marine Protected Areas
Page 105 and 106:
PART I Selection of Marine Protecte
Page 107 and 108:
Table I-3. Model Habitat/Ecosystem
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
4.5 Social Criteria Social and cult
Page 113 and 114:
4.6 Economic Criteria Economic bene
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
100 MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AR
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 153 and 154:
Institutional and Legal Framework M
Page 155 and 156:
6.2 Diagnosis PART I Institutional
Page 157 and 158:
Box I-16. Historical Rights PART I
Page 159 and 160:
PART I Institutional and Legal Fram
Page 161 and 162:
Box I-17. Funding MPAs through “B
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Box I-19: The Galapagos Ley Especia
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179:
Page 183 and 184:
Protected Areas for Coral Reefs Cor
Page 185 and 186:
PART II Protected Areas for Coral R
Page 187 and 188:
FIGURE II-4. PART II Protected Area
Page 189 and 190:
into the sea (Salm, 1981a). After t
Page 191 and 192:
1.4 Global Status of Coral Reef Pro
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Table II-4: Diversity of Corals on
Page 199 and 200:
Mangroves, lagoons, Introduce disso
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Protected Areas for Lagoons and Est
Page 209 and 210:
PART II Protected Areas for Lagoons
Page 211 and 212:
Wetlands provide opportunities for
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Pollution can be very serious, caus
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
2.8 General Information Needs PART
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229:
- Management plans for lagoons/estu
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245: 222 MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AR
Page 267 and 268: Review of Highlights of the Case Hi
Page 269 and 270: PART III Case Histories of Marine P
Page 271 and 272: Box III-1. The Relationship between
Page 291 and 292: Negative lessons learned: High comm
Page 293: Background PART III Case Histories
Page 307 and 308: The start of the SMMA PART III Case
Page 323 and 324: Establishment of Ngeruangel Reserve
Page 345 and 346:
PART III Case Histories of Marine P
Page 347 and 348:
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
Problem PART III Case Histories of
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
Page 369 and 370:
Page 371 and 372:
The Initial Process PART III Case H
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377:
1. Involving women in assessment an
Page 381 and 382:
PART IV References Agardy, T.S. Mar
Page 383 and 384:
PART IV References Davis-Case, D. 1
Page 385 and 386:
PART IV References Hamilton, L. S.,
Page 387 and 388:
PART IV References McNeely, J.A. 19
Page 389 and 390:
PART IV References Saenger, P., E.
Page 391 and 392:
PART IV References Terborgh, J. 197
show all

A guide for planners and managers - IUCN

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?