A guide for planners and managers - IUCN

More documents

Recommendations

Info

284 MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AREAS Key elements in the process were broad-based consultations together with meetings with a more targeted focus. Interest groups were asked to be represented by teams of three to six persons. Thus the groups became negotiating teams, which could be divided, to allow representation of the team in several specialized working groups simultaneously. The work started from a clear table, i.e., the existing agreements (such as those covering the marine reserves) were ignored. From mapping to zoning During the first consultation the participants were taken out on board vessels to map all the uses of the coastal area. As a result of the on-board exercise, a coastal resources and uses map could be drawn, with the areas of conflict and areas of concern marked on it. After this, several working groups dealt with the issues brought up during the first stage of the process. The groups discussed the needs of the fishing, diving and yachting communities, the public access to beaches, the control of land-based pollution and the establishment of effective marine protected areas. The conclusions were then subject to discussion at another broad-based meeting, which agreed on the recommendations needed. At a third larger meeting these were presented in a written form by a committee representing the participants. The results were the basis for a Draft Agreement on the use of the Soufriere coastal area while the negotiation on some specific issues still continued. FIGURE III-9. Zoning plan for the Soufriere Marine Management Area. Finally, a Preliminary Agreement on the Use and Management of Marine and Coastal Resources of the Soufriere Region was reached and could be presented to the Cabinet of Ministers for Approval. The Agreement covered 11 km of coastline and was a zoning agreement with specific rules for each zone (Figure III-9). The area was subdivided into multipurpose use areas (fishing, snorkeling and diving permitted), marine reserve areas (no fishing but snorkeling and scuba diving permitted—scuba divers would need to purchase a ticket), recreational areas (beaches reserved for public enjoyment), yacht mooring areas (mooring permitted at buoys against payment of user fee) and fishing priority areas (only fishing by licensed local fishermen permitted). When this Agreement on the Soufriere Marine Management Area (SMMA) was approved by the Cabinet in March 1994, its implementation could begin.
The start of the SMMA PART III Case Histories of Marine Protected Areas One of the first stages in the implementation was a meeting of technical specialists with the purpose to draft a Management Plan for the area. The final Plan was presented in December 1994. Based on this 1994 Management Plan, the operation had the following key elements in addition to those already mentioned: – The operation is implemented as a distinct programme of the SRDF (an NGO). – The operations are steered by a Technical Advisory Committee (TAC), which functions as broad-based board of the operation; the main channel for communications between the SMMA manager and TAC is the Executive Director of the SRDF – The ultimate authority is the Ministry of Agriculture. Work plans and budgets are submitted to the TAC and the Minister of Agriculture for approval. – Technical advice in the day-to-day operations is provided by a multidisciplinary Technical Working Group. – The area has a manager, an administrative assistant and four rangers, who are in charge of the daily management, some habitat monitoring (professional support for this is provided by CANARI and the Department of Fisheries), ticket selling to yachters, maintenance of the mooring buoys and reminding visitors of the area s rules. For their work, the rangers have an eight-meter open boat. – The SMMA staff needs to contact the police, marine police or fisheries wardens for law enforcement, as the staff does not have such powers; the government agencies retain their enforcement powers and the role of the SMMA is an advisory and reporting one, in spite of the fact that this may result in less rapid enforcement. – The fees for diving and the use of mooring buoys are the major sources of revenue; the objective is financial self-sufficiency (for operational costs this was achieved during the second year of operation); the SMMA makes extra revenue by installing mooring buoys outside its own area; in the SMMA the buoys are a major reef conservation tool. – A comprehensive public education programme is part of the operation. Problems with the SMMA In spite of the attempts to create an MPA based on public consultation and conflict resolution, two to three years after the start of the SMMA operation, new conflicts began to emerge. The stakeholders were no longer satisfied with the management agreement and its implementation. Lack of respect of the regulations increased and there was a lack of clarity as to the roles of key organizations. Nevertheless, all involved seemed to agree that there were fundamental problems which needed to be solved. 285
Page 3:
Marine and Coastal Protected Areas
Page 6 and 7:
The designation of geographical ent
Page 8 and 9:
viii MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED A
Page 10 and 11:
x MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AREA
Page 13:
Acknowledgements This book largely
Page 17 and 18:
Table of contents Part I Creating M
Page 19 and 20:
Table of Contents 4.6 Economic Crit
Page 21:
Table of Contents Review of Highlig
Page 24 and 25:
2 MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AREA
Page 26 and 27:
Page 28 and 29:
Page 30 and 31:
Page 32 and 33:
10 MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED ARE
Page 35 and 36:
The Roles of Protected Areas Marine
Page 37 and 38:
PART I The Roles of Protected Areas
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Box I-1. Ecosystem Conservation: La
Page 49 and 50:
harvest of edible resources (e.g.,
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Photo by R. Salm. PART I The Roles
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
Page 76 and 77:
Page 78 and 79:
Page 80 and 81:
Page 82 and 83:
Page 84 and 85:
Page 86 and 87:
Page 88 and 89:
Page 90 and 91:
Page 92 and 93:
Page 94 and 95:
Page 96 and 97:
Page 98 and 99:
Page 100 and 101:
Page 103 and 104:
Selection of Marine Protected Areas
Page 105 and 106:
PART I Selection of Marine Protecte
Page 107 and 108:
Table I-3. Model Habitat/Ecosystem
Page 109 and 110:
Page 111 and 112:
4.5 Social Criteria Social and cult
Page 113 and 114:
4.6 Economic Criteria Economic bene
Page 115 and 116:
Page 117:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
100 MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AR
Page 124 and 125:
Page 126 and 127:
Page 128 and 129:
Page 130 and 131:
Page 132 and 133:
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139:
Page 140 and 141:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 153 and 154:
Institutional and Legal Framework M
Page 155 and 156:
6.2 Diagnosis PART I Institutional
Page 157 and 158:
Box I-16. Historical Rights PART I
Page 159 and 160:
PART I Institutional and Legal Fram
Page 161 and 162:
Box I-17. Funding MPAs through “B
Page 163 and 164:
Page 165 and 166:
Box I-19: The Galapagos Ley Especia
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
Page 175 and 176:
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179:
Page 183 and 184:
Protected Areas for Coral Reefs Cor
Page 185 and 186:
PART II Protected Areas for Coral R
Page 187 and 188:
FIGURE II-4. PART II Protected Area
Page 189 and 190:
into the sea (Salm, 1981a). After t
Page 191 and 192:
1.4 Global Status of Coral Reef Pro
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
Table II-4: Diversity of Corals on
Page 199 and 200:
Mangroves, lagoons, Introduce disso
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
Protected Areas for Lagoons and Est
Page 209 and 210:
PART II Protected Areas for Lagoons
Page 211 and 212:
Wetlands provide opportunities for
Page 213 and 214:
Page 215 and 216:
Pollution can be very serious, caus
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
2.8 General Information Needs PART
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229:
- Management plans for lagoons/estu
Page 232 and 233:
Page 234 and 235:
Page 236 and 237:
Page 238 and 239:
Page 240 and 241:
Page 242 and 243:
Page 244 and 245:
Page 246 and 247:
Page 248 and 249:
Page 250 and 251:
Page 252 and 253:
Page 254 and 255:
Page 256 and 257: 234 MARINE AND COASTAL PROTECTED AR
Page 267 and 268: Review of Highlights of the Case Hi
Page 269 and 270: PART III Case Histories of Marine P
Page 271 and 272: Box III-1. The Relationship between
Page 291 and 292: Negative lessons learned: High comm
Page 293 and 294: Background PART III Case Histories
Page 305: PART III Case Histories of Marine P
Page 323 and 324: Establishment of Ngeruangel Reserve
Page 357 and 358:
PART III Case Histories of Marine P
Page 359 and 360:
Page 361 and 362:
Problem PART III Case Histories of
Page 363 and 364:
Page 365 and 366:
Page 367 and 368:
Page 369 and 370:
Page 371 and 372:
The Initial Process PART III Case H
Page 373 and 374:
Page 375 and 376:
Page 377:
1. Involving women in assessment an
Page 381 and 382:
PART IV References Agardy, T.S. Mar
Page 383 and 384:
PART IV References Davis-Case, D. 1
Page 385 and 386:
PART IV References Hamilton, L. S.,
Page 387 and 388:
PART IV References McNeely, J.A. 19
Page 389 and 390:
PART IV References Saenger, P., E.
Page 391 and 392:
PART IV References Terborgh, J. 197
show all

A guide for planners and managers - IUCN

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?