A guide for planners and managers - IUCN

PART II
Protected Areas for Lagoons and Estuaries
Table II-10. Management Implications of Harvest, Hunting, and Mining Activities in Estuaries
Finfishing
Fishing gears and weirs that block the access channels to coastal lagoons or connecting
channels between lagoons interfere with the spawning cycles and movements of
fishes and shrimps; they should be removed and replaced by gears allowing free
passage.
Active fishing gears that are dragged along the estuary floor, causing damage to the
rooted vegetation and natural oyster beds, should be prohibited.
Must be regulated at sustainable levels.
Should be controlled by seasonal quotas and size limits to avoid interference with
breeding stock.
Shellfishing
Should be regulated by permits and quotas.
Should be carefully monitored for impacts on substrates and stocks.
Crocodile Hunting
Can be a sustainable industry in areas that have abundant stocks.
May be replaced by crocodile farming.
Mining
Must be carefully regulated and monitored.
Should be preceded by impact assessment studies.
Must have adequate controls to prevent sedimentation of watercourses from spoil
deposits and disturbed land surfaces.
Should be prohibited in the critical habitats of valuable species and all beaches.
Must avoid disruption of the hydrological regime in adjacent lands.
Should be discouraged or strictly controlled upstream of critical habitats.
Should be accompanied by rehabilitation of disturbed areas, including stabilization
of spoil dumps.
Should have plans for the disposal of spoil in approved sites outside wetlands and
other critical habitats.
Must avoid interference by pipes and service roads of water flow through the system.
Grazing
Must be prohibited in wildlife preservation areas as it limits the value to wildlife and
can cause serious erosion of the creek margins.
May be permitted in specific zones and carefully controlled and monitored levels.
Forestry Operations
Need careful evaluation to determine truly sustainable levels for both selective logging
and clear felling.
Should employ methods that cause least damage to the substrate.
Must be accompanied by replanting or natural regeneration of mangroves, if necessary
through replanting with propagules, weeding of undesirable species, and disposal
or other treatment of trimmings.
Should be confined to areas of least value to fisheries and danger of erosion.
Should be accompanied by research and monitoring studies to determine effect on
fisheries.
Should be accompanied by strict protection of adjacent sites for general reference and
for supply of propagules for both direct planting and natural reseeding.
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