Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - Legacy Tobacco ...

100 1989 EMS Abstracts
Notes exhaust gave positive responses for both the tester strains with and without S9 ∎ix . The
component of side-stream saoke of cigarette gave positive responses for TA100 and
WP2uvrA/pKM101 with and without S9 ∎ix, but negative for TA98 . It was also found that
∎utagenic potency of all these gas/vapour co .ponents were higher than those of particulate
components of these combustion exhausts, respectively .
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: yylencke3ERD>NIST~ ~f E~ V BTE~e~E ~l~ of
CHRON C ETONAL OF KTNKelseyt~~M . B eN-t. J
Radiobidopy and 2Occupationai OSUR Health Program, Harvard School of Public Heafth, Boston, MA; 3Lab. of Radbbioioqy
ind Environmental Health and Dept of Epidemiology and International Heahh, UnN . of CelMornia, San Francisco. CA,
NIOSH, Cincinnati, OH .
Ethylene oxide (ETO) Is a potent, m0r0% ;hcftW DNA alkylating agent that Is commonly encountered in the
workplace . Cytopenetfo studies of an"s and human workers exposed by kihelatkxt to ETO have found elevated
levels of cytopenetic damage In their peripheral blood lymphocytes . We have studied a cohort of 38 adult male
monkeys that were exposed to 0, SOpprn and 100ppm concentrations of ETO by Infbiation from 1979 to 1981 . The
lymphocytes from these animals had elevated levels of sUter chromatid exchange (SCE) knmediately upon cessation
of exposure which persisted 8-7 years after cessation of exposure . Ths persistence of the SCE was attributable to a
subpopulation of cells whlch were prefererkiatty detected at early t:ytopenstlo harvest times. To determine q the
presence of this subpopuiatkxi of eeUs with elevated SCE was assockted with karyatypio change In stem cells we
have banded and karyotyped 20-25 bone marrow ceAs from 2 aNmab exposed to 100ppm, 2 exposed to 60ppm and 4
controls. In each animal, all of the karyotypes were normal 42 X Y, suggesting that there b not an exposure-Induced
common stem ceil karyotypic alteration in the csits from exposed animals .
This work has been supported by CCV902885 from the CDC .
HETEROCYCLIC ANINE MUTAGENS IN ROASTED COFFEE BEANS AND BREWED COFFEE
Kiyomi Kikugawa, Tetsuta Kato and Shinya Takahashi
Tokyo College of Pharmacy, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-03, JAPAN
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Roasted coffee beans (hot air-roasted and charcoal-roasted) contained at least six
heterocyclic amine mutagens generated during roasting coffee beans . They were extracted
by methanol/ammonium hydroxide from the beans, and purified by partition in
chloroform/hydrochloric acid and in chloroform/alkaline water, and finally by blue
cotton adsorption . They were separated into six mutagenic fractions by high pressure
liquid chromatography . One of the mutagenic fractions was identified as 2-amino-3,4dimethylimidazo[4,5-f)quinoline
(MeIQ) . The other five mutagenic fractions were
unknown heterocyclic amine-like mutagens . The MeIQ contents in roasted coffee beans
were 0 .16 ng/10 g (hot air-roasted) and 0 .32 ng/10 g (charcoal-roasted) . These
heterocyclic amine mutagens were tightly adsorbed to coffee bean fiber containing
hemicellulose, and the mutagena could be hardly eluted into brewed coffee by general
percolation with boiling water . Substances that could destroy these mutagens were
found in brewed coffee . The substances were found to be water-soluble high molecular
weight polyphenolics . They could destroy the mutagens in brewed coffee in the
presence of dissolved dioxygen . Thus, even if a small amount of the mutagens were
eluted from roasted beans into brewed coffee, the mutagens could be destroyed by
these intrinsic substances in brewed coffee .
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MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY OF IiAILLARD REACTION PRODUCTS FROM CARBOHYDBATES AND PROTEINS .
N .Kinae, li.Yamashita, S .Kamiya, and S .Esaki. School of Food Nutritional Sciences,
University of Shizuoka, 395 Yada, Shizuoka 422(Japan)
It has been demonstrated that several reaction mixtures of carbohydrates and amino
compounds such as ammonia, amines, amino acids, show mutagenic and/or antiaatagenic
activity toward certain bacteria . Howver, there is few reports concerning the mutagenicity
of the reaction mixtures of carbohydrates and paptides, or proteins .
We tried to determine the mutagenic activity of the reaction products from carbohydrates
and proteins . A mixture of 50-fold carbohydrate(D-arabinose, D-ribose, D-xylose,
D-glucose, D-fructose, lactose) and protein(bovine serum albumin :BSA, human serum
albumin :HSA) was dissolved in phosphate buffered saline(PBS, pH7 .4) and incubated at
37-50'C . After 1-2 months, the browning solution was dialyzed and then lyophilized
against distilled water . The residue was dissolved in PBS or dimethylsulfoxide and
submitted to the Ames test . Hydrolysis of the lyophillsate was carried out in 6N HC1 at
110'C for 12 hrs . The hydrolyzate which has fluorescence was also examined the mutagenic
activity .
Several reaction products(BSA-Glu, HSA-Glu, HSA Ara, HSA-Lac) and their hydrolysates
showed weak mutagenic activity(80-1370 revs/10 mg) toward ji .t»himuriun TA100
without metabolic activation . Some of them may be contained in daily foods and in our
tissues .
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