Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - Legacy Tobacco ...
Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - Legacy Tobacco ...
Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - Legacy Tobacco ...
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194 1989 EMS-Abstracts~ '"-aF`<br />
Notes<br />
http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/clb93d00/pdf<br />
Sections of paraf%n-eiedded colo rolls were routinely made, <strong>and</strong> DNA damages were<br />
revealed by Feulgen"s'faMeg . Micronuclei <strong>and</strong> apoptosis were scored in 20 complete<br />
crypts for each sample with oil immersion microscope <strong>and</strong> the mean number of micronuclei<br />
<strong>and</strong> apoptosis of one crypt of each group was caculated . We found that the frequencies<br />
of micronuclei <strong>and</strong> apoptosis in the groups treated with asparagus liquid<br />
were obviously lower than in the group only in ected DMH . The number of micronuclei<br />
<strong>and</strong> apoptosis was 3 .99/crypt in only DMH treated group but was 2 .71-0 .76/crypt in<br />
groups treated both with DMH <strong>and</strong> asparagus . A clear dose-response relation was<br />
observed with different doses of asparagus liqutd . Our result indicated that asparagus<br />
might reduce the mutagenecity <strong>and</strong> carcinogenecity of DMH to colon crpt cells of<br />
mice .<br />
563<br />
EVALUATION OF GENOTOXIC POTENTIAL OF COMMONLY USED INSECTICIDES USING<br />
BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE) TEST SYSTEMS<br />
T .Suryakumari <strong>and</strong> K .Vaidyanath, Andhra University, Waltair (A .P) <strong>and</strong> Osmania<br />
University, Hyderabad-500 007 (A .P .) India .<br />
The modern agricultural practices entail intensive application of pesticides for<br />
plant protection, which are potential genotoxicants . To assess the mutagenic potential<br />
of Ekalux (00-diethyl 0-quinoxalin-2-yl phosphorothioate <strong>and</strong> Rogor (00-dimethyl<br />
S-methyl carbamoyl methyl phosphorodithiote) a study was made on barley using<br />
multiple end points . The cytogenetic end point consisted of screening for cytotoxic,<br />
chromotoxic <strong>and</strong> clastogenic effects on somatic chromosomes . The scoring for forward<br />
mutation at waxy locus (Wx -~ wx), chlorophyll deficient seedings !n M, <strong>and</strong><br />
polygenic variability in M, generations, constituted germinal mutation assay . The<br />
frequency <strong>and</strong> spectrum of cytological abnormalities observed in the study indicated<br />
mitodepressive, clastogenic <strong>and</strong> chromotoxic effects of the insecticides . The high<br />
frequency of sterile pollen <strong>and</strong> chlorophyll mutations elicited suggests mutagenic<br />
potential . However, both the insecticides failed to induce mutations at the specific<br />
locus . The polygenic variability noted in M . generation also suggests that Ekalux<br />
<strong>and</strong> Rogor are capable of inducing mutations for quantitative traits . The positive<br />
correlation observed between effects on somatic <strong>and</strong> germinal mutation suggests that<br />
any one or a com bination of assays can be used profitably for m onitor)ng genotoxic<br />
effect of environmental pollutants .<br />
DNA Repatr Induced by Various MutaQens in Rat Xepatocyte Primary Cultures<br />
Measured tn the Presence of Hydroxyurea, OuonasoJe or Aphidicolin<br />
W . Suter <strong>and</strong> F . Romagna, WSP Toxicology, S<strong>and</strong>oz Ltd ., CH 4002 Basel,<br />
Switzerl<strong>and</strong><br />
The goal of the present study was to find a selective inhibitor of DNA replication In rat<br />
hepatocyte primary cultures to replace hydroxyurea (HUI, which has been found to be<br />
genotoxic. Two agents were chosen for this study, ouanasole IoUI 18-amino-lH-1,2,4triazolel,<br />
which like hydroxyurea . is an inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductase, <strong>and</strong><br />
aphidicolin (API, an Inhibitor of DNA polymerase a. Using the nuclei procedure developed<br />
by Althaua (Cancer Res . 42, 8010-3016, 19821, DNA repair induced by UV irradiation<br />
. MNNO. MNU, H,O,, 6-hydroxydopamine. 4-nitroquinolirro-N-oxide, 2acetylaminofluorene,<br />
benzo/alpyrene, cyclophosphamide <strong>and</strong> aflatoxin B, was<br />
measured in the presence of either 10 mM hydroxyurea, 15 mM tuanazole or 0 .015<br />
mM aphidicolin . The latter was found to inhibit DNA repair in addition to its effect on<br />
DNA replication . In the presence of guanazole <strong>and</strong> hydroxyurea the overall sensitivity<br />
of the detection of DNA repair was similar . Aflatoxin B, <strong>and</strong> MNU were slightly more<br />
active In the presence of hydroxyurea, while MNNO was more eaily detected in the<br />
presence of guanazole.<br />
Thus . guanazole can be used in hepatocyte primary cultures instead of hydroxyurea for<br />
selective suppression of DNA replication .<br />
564<br />
SCRUTINY OFPROTOCOI S r-OR Ti il's MICRONUCLEUS TEST WITH MICE ---ACI IIEVEMENTS<br />
IlY CSGMT/JEMS .MMS, CSGMT, prcccnters : S . Sutou (Itoham Foods Inc ., Tokyo), H .<br />
Shimada (Daiichi Seiyaku Co .. Ltd., Tokyo), A . Wakata (Yamanouchi Pharm . Co ., Ltd .,<br />
Tokyo), T. Awogi (Oisuka Iharm. Co ., Lld ., Tokushima), A . Ohuchida (Taiho Pharm . Co.,<br />
Ltd., Tokushima), M . llayashi <strong>and</strong> 1' . Sofuni (Natl . Ins(. Ilygienic Sci ., Tokyo)<br />
The Mammalian Mutagenicity Study Group of the Environmontal Mulagcn Society of<br />
Japan (JEMS/MMS) has organized a collaborative study group for the micronucleus test<br />
50869 3708<br />
565
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