Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - Legacy Tobacco ...

1989 EMS Abstracts
ester of I41M, 1L1M acetate (MAMoAC) in combination with porcine liver esteraee Notes
(Carboxylic-ester hydrolase ; EC 3 .1 .1 .1) to study the mutagenic activity of NAM .
MAMoAC produces a dose-dependant increase in the mutation rate in Salmonella
typhimurium His G46 at concentrations of 2 .5-30 micromoles/plate following
preincubation at 30oC for 90 minutes . Addition of porcine liver esterase increased
the mutation rate from 14 to 2200 and from 375 to 5800 revertants per plate at 2 .5
and 5 .0 micromoles/plate, respectively . This increased mutagenicity was dependant on
esterase concentration (optimum 63 micrograms protein/ml) . The preincubation time
was also critical for expression of the mutagenicity of the MAMoAC/esterasa reaction .
The dose-response curve was shifted to steeper slopes by increasing the preincubation
time up to 90 minutes . Our results indicate that the MAMoAC/esterase system is a
convenient model with which to study the mutagenicity of 14AM .
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ANALYSIS OF MULTIPLE CONGENITAL ANOMALIES /ICPEMC/
Andrew Czeizel
par men o uman Genetics and Teratology, National Institute of
Hygiene, Budapest, Hungary
Three indicator conditions of offspring : sentinel anomalies, Down
syndrome and unidentified multiple oongenital anomalies /UIICAs/ are
being evaluated within the Hungarian population-based surveillance
of germinal mutations . Ul[CAs are possible indioators of germinal
dominant gene and ohromosomal mutations . The component oongenital
abnormalities of UMCAs were classified into 45 groups . These
component congenital abnormalities were reduced to pairs A pair is
a set of two independent component congenital abnormalities in index
patients with two or more congenital abnormalities . Baseline figures
of all component congenital abnormality pairs in 3,722 UMCAs were
determined in the study period 1973-1982 . The observed annual data
after 1982 were compared with expected occurrences based on baseline
figures . This pair-wise evaluation of component congenital
abnormalities within U11[CAs seems to be an adequate surveillance
method to detect any time cluster of congenital abnormalit' pairs
due to environmental factors including germinal mutagens . The
Hungarian data will be presented concerning tpe Chernobyl nuclear
power accident .
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SJMAN MEIUPIC CHRObDSCMAL IIANW(£ IN ItffERCIIB MhIIES AE To ImCPIQI .
T .V . Darmdaran an9 K .M . Marinuthu, Department of Genetics, P .(; .Institute of
Basic Me icaT-Sciences, University of Madras,Taramani, Medras 600 113,MIA .
lwenty one infertile males were studied using mitotic, meiotic and
histological techniques . Syphilis (2), lynphogranulana venerum (2) and
nonspecific chronic epididymo orchitis (17) were the various infections
observed . Meiotic studies fran normal healthy men (11) formed the control
data . Changes in the meiotic percentage cell dietribution pattern (MPM) t .es
correlated with meiotic chromeanal anamolies . There was no change in WD
in 2 patients, wtro had shawefl micronuclei of the spermatids and increased
frequency of mitotic chrormeane aberrations . Altered MI (msiotic met.aphase
I) and M II (meiotic metaphase II) values were noted in 2 patients who have
sho.ed separation difficulties of MI and M II . Slight increase in SPM
(Sbermatogonial metaphase) values were noted in two patients . Highly
increased SPM value vss noticed with loss of architecture of bivalents and
M II elements were saen in a patient . Thus, the results abtained so far
irdicate that though the actual mrJde of action could not be fully undertood
the fact that the meiotic studies fro :n normal healthy control mmles did not
shar any of these ananaliess oonfizm the possible clastogenic and autagenic
action of these microbes on meiotic system .
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MATERNAL UPTAKE AND TRANSFER TO EGGS OF A PROMUTAGEN
(CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE) BY AN ESTUARINE FISH, CYPRINODON VAR/EQATUS. C.B .
Daniels, D . McMillin and J .C . Means . Institute for Environmental Studies, Louisiana State
University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 .
The cytogenetic and mutagenic properties of cyclophosphamide (CP) have been shown to
be a function of its metabolism to 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide . We have Initiated research to
determine the availability of cyclophosphamide to developing eggs and to characterize the
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