Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - Legacy Tobacco ...

1989 EMS Abstracts
(chlorina), yellow (xantha), and white (albina) . Changes in number of shoots and ir Notes
ieaf features such as abnormal serratione and cordate apices were seen . Somatic an,
Renetic abnormallties were induced by gamma irradiation of Kalanchoe leaves at doser
of 1000 per six minutes and 2000r to 6000r per hour . The greatest frequency of chlo
rophyll mutations was recorded at moderate doses of 3000r and 4000r . Kalanchoe is sen
3ltive to radiation and it is seen in the reduction of regenaration decreased plan' .
qrowth, presence of morphological abnormalities which all increased linearly with in•
creasing dose and the presense of chlorophyll mutati .one .
342
TERATOTOGENIC AND GENOTOXIC EFFECTS OF ETHYLENE GLYCOL (EG)
Yin Longzhan, Liu Zheng, Shi Lihua, Bo Kemin .
Shenyang Res . Institute of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Disease,
Shenyang, P .R CHINA
Ethylene glycol was administered to pregnant Wistar rats during 10 days
from the 6th to 15th day orally by a stomach tube at dose levels of 253,
638, 858, 1073, and 1595mg/Kg . The fetuses' mean body weight and crownrump
length in the 858-1595mg/Kg groups were significantly less than the
control group (p 0 .01) . 1 .8-43 .6% of fetuses among these groups presented
gastroschisis, exencephalia, meningoencephalocele, harelip and rib malformation
. Malformation frequencies (mainly bastroschisis) showed a doseresponse
relationship . 638mg/Kg was non-teratogenetic . 858mg/Kg was
threshold teratogenetic and 1073mg/Kg was distinctly teratogenetic .
We employed subcutaneous implantation of Agar-coated BrdU tablets in ICR/
JCL mouse for SCE analysis . The results showed no significant difference
in bone marrow cells SCE between control and EG groups treated with
1/50 LD50- 1/5 LD50 of EG (EC LD50m7 .26g/KG . No significant difference
in chromosome aberation in mouse bone-marrow cells was found between
control and EG groups, when doses of 253-1595mg/Kg were used . The frequencies
of micronuclei in "Kun-Ming" mouse palychromatic erythrocytes
showed no significant difference between control and EG groups, with
253 - 1595mg/Kg doses . At 5-500 ug/plate doses with salmonella typhirium
TA98 and TA 100, no significant mutation increase was found .
343
EVIDENCE FOR A PCN-P450 ENZYME IN CHICKENS AND COMPARISON OF ITS DEVELOPMENf TO THAT
OF OTHER PB-INDUCIBLE FORMS . N .A . Lorr, S .E . Bloom, S .S . Park, H .V . Gelboin . H .
Miller, and F .K . Friedman . Cornell University . Ithaca, NY (USA) and National Cancer
Institute, Bethesda, MD 20205 (USA)
The sensitivity of a developing organism to mutagens is dependent in part on the
state of development of the cytochrome P450 enzyme system . In previous studies, we
have shown that the chicken embryo is capable of activating a wide spectrum of xenobiotics
to DNA damaging metabolites . In order to compare the chicken P450 system to
that of the rat, 4 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to purified rat liver P450s, including
those from 3-methylcholanthrene, phenobarbital (PB), ethanol, and pregnenolone-
16-a-carbonitrile (PCN) treated rats, were used to lmmunodetect proteins in chicken
liver microsomes after blotting from SDS-PAGE . Only the MAb against PCN-inducible
P450 reacted with chicken liver microsomes . The immunodetected protein was most
predominant at 1 day posthatch (DPH) while such lower levels were observed in the
embryo and at 36 DPH . PB and dexamethasone were both effective inducers of this
protein . Chicken liver microsomal erythromycin demethylase, a characteristic activity
of rat PCN-inducible P450, had a similar developmental profile and inducibility
to that of the immunodetected protein with a high degree of augmentation at 1 DPH
compared to that in the embryo end at 36 DPH while aldrin epoxldase, and benzphetamine,
ethylmorphine, and eminopyrine demethylase were more similar to each other in
development and induction and were less well correlated with the immunodetected
protein . This evidence suggests the presence in chicken liver of at least two types
of P450, one a form related to the PCN-inducible P450 family . This result agrees with
sequence information suggesting the early evolution of this form . (NIEHS ES03499)
344
SYNTHESIS OF [2-14C]3-CHLORO-4-(DICHLOROMETHYL)-5-HYDROXY-2(5H)-
FURANONE (MX) .
S . Ltltjtlnen, A . Eakelinen, P. Kauranen, T . Vartiainen , Dept . of
Chemistry, Univ . of Kuopio, P .O .B . 6, SF-70211 Kuopio, Finland and
*National Public Health Institute, Dept . of Environ. Hygiene and
Toxicology, P .O .B . 95, SF-70701 Kuopio, Finland .
It is well documented that MX is a significant contributor to the
mutagenity of drinking water . To evaluate the potential health risks
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