Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - Legacy Tobacco ...

54 1989 EMS Abstracts 150
http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/clb93d00/pdf
Notes ANEUPLOIDY DETECTION BY ANALYSIS OF INTERPHASE NUCLEI USING CHROMOSOMESPECIFIC DNA
PROBES . D .A. Eastmond and D. Pinkel, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory . LNermore, CA (USA)
Fluorescence In situ hybridization with probes for chromosome-specifio DNA sequences (usually
centromeric) results In brightly fluorescent spots In Interphase nuclei at the position of the target DNA
sequences . The number of spots In a nucleus therefore corresponds to the number of copies of the
chromosome that are present . Eight thousand Interphase nuclei from untreated 72 hr lymphooyte
cultures were examined following hybridization with probes for chromosomes 1, 7 . 9 or 17 . The
frequencies of nuclei containing 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4 hybridlzation spots were 0 .0024, 0.079, 0.915,
0 .0024 and 0 .001, respectively . Based on these frequencies, scoring 1000-2000 cells should allow
detection of aneuplold cells with a 0 .013 frequency of hyperdiploldy or a 0 .11 frequency of hypodiploidy
for a specific chromosome of interest (a - 0.05, S- 0.80) . This difference In test sensitivity Is related
to the higher frequency of cells with one apparent spot . A comparison of the ratio of spot to nuclear area
in the two dimensional Images used for this analysis Indicates that an overlap of the two spots probably
accounts for the high frequency of apparent monosomy observed in normal cells . Using a chromosome 9
probe, colchicine (0 .1 µM), vincristine (0.06 µM) and DES (30 µM) treatments were shown to Induce
hyperdipiokiy for this chromosome at frequencies of 0 .05, 0.02 and 0 .36, respectively. The use of this
technique should facilitate a more rapid Identification of aneupioidy-Inducing environmental agents .
Work performed under the auspices of the U .S . Department of Energy by the Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory under contract number W-7405-ENCi-48 with additional support from the
Alexander Hollaender Postdoctoral Fellowship (D .A.E.) .
ANTIMUTAGENIC ACTIVITY OF VEGETABLES HARVESTED DURING DIFFERENT CONDITIONS .
J . Ebata, and T . Inoue, Osaka City University, Osaka (JAPAN)
151
By employing streptomycin-dependent strain SD100 of Salmonella typhtmurtum (T .Kada
K . Aoki, and T . Sugimura,Envtronmental Mutagenesis 5,pp .9-15(1983)),the antimutagenicity
of homogenates of fresh vegetables has been examined for AF2 . In this paper,
the influences of the growing conditions on the antimutagenicity of 5 kinds of
vegetables cultured in open fields of Agricultural Experiment Station on Nara Prefecture
were studied . The antimutagenic activities were compared with vegetables
having suitable maturity and nearly of the same size . The antimutagenicity of
spinach, 8ptnacia oleracea L .cv .'Orion' increased summer< autumn< winter . The activity
of cabbage, Brassica oleracea L . var . capltata L . cv .'Shutoku' was more potent
during the autumn harvest than in summer and more in the outer layer than the inner
for both harvests . In the case of eggplants, Solanun aelnyena L . cv .'Senryou', the
maximum activity was found in September during harvest time (July - October) . The
activity of cucumbers, Cucumis sativus L . cv .'Ryokusui' and 'Sachikaze' increased in
the order of low