Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - Legacy Tobacco ...

74 1989 EMS Abstracts 209
http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/clb93d00/pdf
Note s METHYL ISOCYANATE'EXPOSURE IN BHOPAL HAS DAMAGED PLANT AND HUMAN CELLS
H .K .GOSWANI, PUNEET, RAJEEV GOSWAMI, NANOJ CHANDORKAR AND L .K .SENGUPTA,
DEPARTMENT OF GENETICS, BHOPAL UNIVERSITY, BHOPAL 462 026, INDIA .
A muttidLsciplinaay etudy conducted 6ince the ga4eou4 expoeuae on the
2nd Dec .1984, haa pnoved beyond doubt that methyl ieocyanate (I/IC) hae b4ought about
biotogical damagee . The aeeed.ament o6 the potential damage6 by SCE 6aequencEee and
chaomoeomal abe4aatione in human lymphocyte cultuaea have been eetimated a6tea etudying
200 peneona by Giemoa banding . In oadeR to eompute4ibe the data on epeeisic metaphade
chROmoAome4, 100 micaophotogaaphe, each baom ga4 expoeed and otheRwiee no4eal donoita
weae uaed . Thie gave a highly etatietiealty aigni6ieant aatio that chaomoeome 9,
11 and 16 aae mo4t paedominantly ab6eeted .
The MIC expoauae have baought about ala4ming changea in haemogtobin .
Exten,6ive .6tudiee on moae than 1,400 peaeon4 by cellogel electaophoaetic eepenation
have aevealed the 11ae o6 Foetat haemoglobin (HbF) in adult aamplea .
Tideue cultuae etudie4 os Datbea ia aieeoo, have ehown dib6eaential gaowth
in MIC expoeed explant when compaaed to eon ao undentical eultuae condEtion3 .
One o6 the modt impoatant in6eaeneee, theae6oae, appeaad to be that Nethyl
idocyanate might be mutagenic undea ceatain conditione .
210
MUTATION ASSAY FOR PERSONAL AIRBORNE PARTICULATE SAMPLES BY A HIGHLY SENSITIVE ULTRA-
MICRO FORWARD-MUTATION METHOD. S . Goto ; Y . Takagi ; H . Murata ; J . Levtas ; and
H . Matsushita ; 1National Institute of Public Health, Minato-ku, Tokyo (Japan),
zSchool of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa (Japan), and
3 Health Effects Research Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC (U .S .A .) .
Actual sensitivity of forward-mutation method using SaUnonsZEa typh*merium TM677
was improved remarkably by the modification of preincubation step, where 10 yil of the
solution containing tester strain and a test chemical was incubated at 37'C for 2 hr .
Actual sensitivity of this ultramicro forward-mutation method was about 10 times higher
than the micro forward-mutation method (volume of the mixed solution in the preincubation
step : 100 p1) and about 100 times higher than the original method (1000 ) :1) . This
method can measure mutagenicity of extracts from airborne particulates obtained by only
3 cubic meter air sampling . This method was applied to the survey of mutagenicity of
airborne particulate samples collected by personal air sampler at 1 .5 - 2 1/min for 24
hr . Mutagenic activity of these personal air samples was in the following order ; smoker
(10 cig/sampling), smoker(6 cig .), passive smoker(5 cig .) and non-smoker/non-passive
smoker during sampling, irrespective of presence and absence of S9 mix . It was also
found that mutagenic activity of airborne particulates collected in Washington D .C .,
U .S .A . was higher in the test condition with S9 mix than without S9 mix . On the other
hand, mutagenic activity of airborne particulates collected in Tokyo, Japan was nearly
same or higher in the test condition without S9 mix than with S9 mix, suggesting
difference in species of mutagens in both the airborne samples .
211
EFFECT OF METHYL ISOCYANATE ON PROLIFERATICN AND DI6'FEREIJfIATICN OF MOUSE MUSCLE
CELLS IN VITRO
Shobha GoTyFe-, -School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli
road, New Delhi-110067, India .
One of the striking features of the Bhopal disaster in which several thousand
people were killed or injured was the lack of toxicological information on the
causal agent methyl isocyanate (MIC) . This incident has raised new concern
over MIC as a toxicant . To ascertain the morphological and functional sequalae
of a single MIC exposure to the mamealian skeletal muscle, the neonatal rat
muscle in vitro was exposed to different concentrations of MIC ranging from
0 .025 -6.5~~ ml medium . The drug was suspended in the growth medium . It
was added to the cultures at the end of days 1 to 6 . The effects of MIC were
dose dependent . Fusion of myoblasta was inhibited at 0 .125 and 0 .25 yl, and
at 0 .5 u1 cells were completely destroyed . Lower concentrations of MIC allowed
cell fusion to occur, but the total cell count was significantly low . This
would suggest either an effect on muscle differentiation or a selective toxicity
towards myoblasta .
212
ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURALLY RELATED COMPOUNDS IN THE DROSOPHILA WING
SOMATIC MUTATION AND RECOMBINATION TEST (SMART) . U . Graf, A . Alonso
Moraga and N . van Schaik, Institute of Toxicology, ETH and University
of Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland, Department of Genetics,
Faculty of Sciences, University of Cordoba, Spain, and Department of
Genetics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa .
50869 3586