Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - Legacy Tobacco ...

144 1989 EMS Abstracts - • s --
0http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/clb93d00/pdf
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NOteS ^ ENVIRONMEN?AL MaU AGENESIS RESEARCH IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
N .K . Notani, Biorcal Group, Bhabha Atanic Research Centre, Borbay 400085, India
Indian reseaTcFfers-~trave wide interests and work on problens ranging from DNA repair,
gene cloning, mutagens and entinutagens, test-syste•ns to nature of heritable variation in
man, etc. Environ•nental Mutagen Society of India affiliated to IAEMS provides a major
annual forun within the country and has also periodically organized courses, both international
and national, for teaching of new techniques. Besides, it has cosponsored m eetings in related
areas with other societies. In our Biorrsedical Group which m ay be considered as representative
of research activities in the country has projects on mutagenicity testing, modification of
mutagenicity by antrnutagens, mutation surveillance in control and high background radiation
areas, cloning of DNA repair genes, Restriction Fragnent Length Pol)morphisn analysis
and ostrn eiotic expogure leading to transn issible genetic dan age . Two of the researches
are ~escribed below : i) DNA repair and gene cloning : We have self-cloned two genes, uvrl
and mbo2, in Haenophi(us Tnt uenzae, u g e s carried on an 11 .3kb insert. This OIm1
clone fully canple•nents UV-sensitive strain Uvr1- . A directedtnutagenesis system was
developed which then induces mutations only in the 11 .3kb insert (Kanade and Notani,1987) .
Another DNA repair gene mbo2 has also been cloned which fully canplenents UV-sensitive
Mbo2- strain but not UvrT~strain . Subcloning of two EcoRl fraqnents yield clones; only
the snaller of which partially canple•nents UV-sensitivity of Mbo2- strain (Mody, Joshi
and Notani, 1989). ii) Newborn surve of o ulations residi in control and hi h bac round
radiation areas: Georg e et ai have exa~n ne new orns for wn syn ro•ne and
'R>;L'h-06TSi1S88- date for Incidence related to m aternal age . Although, the data fror high
background radiation areas are linited, these nevertheless see•n to be sinilar in incidence
to the control area .
CROSS ADAPTIVE RESPONSE BETVEEN HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND ALDEHYDES IN E . croli. .
T . NUNOSHIBA, M . HASHIMOTO, and H . NISHIOKA, Biochemistry . Doshisha University, Kyoto(Japan)
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The phenomenon of the adaptive response that the bacterial cells acquire resistance to killing
effect of a lethal dose of hydrogen peroxide(H202) . when they have been pretreated with
its sublethal dose . has been noticed . Ve report here the existence of the adaptive response
between H202 and aldehyde compounds . The phenomenon was na .ed by us as "Cross Adaptive
Response" . The cells of E .2Qjj VP2 pretreated with a sublethal dose (30 or 80µM) of HzOz for
30.in at 3TC acquired remarkable resistance to killing effect of for .aidehyde(FA) challenge
at the concentration of B .M . The resistance acquirement due to pretreatment with a low concentration
of H202 was similarly observed in the cases of challenge against the other aldehyde
compounds such as chloroacetaldehyde . glutaraidehyde, glyoxal and methyl glyoxal . To elucidate
the .echanism of the "Cross Adaptive Response", the effect of pretreatment with Hz02 on
FA-sensitivity of ji . i strains with different DNA repair capacities was examined . The acquire.ent
of the resistance was observed in VP7uvrA[V1f.l1] and ZA12[ug&] . but not in ZA80
[recA] and CM561[IexA] . These results suggest that the "Cross Adaptive Response" Ray be attributed
to induction of SOS genes coding some enzymes which are involved in reco .bination
repair . the other unknown DNA repairs and aldehyde decomposition .
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Cenotoxic effects of creosote oils : a relationship between ssutagenicity and the concentrations
of A-S ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Yylund, L ., Heikkili, P ., Ji[rventaus, H ., Suhonen, S . . Hesso, A ., Himeill . !( . .
Linnainsiaa, K . and Sorsa, tl .
Institute of Occupational Health, Topeliuksenkatu •laA, Sy-00250 Helsinki, rinland
Pour creosote oils iaported to Finland from different countries were tested using
the Ames test, the SCS-test with CHg-c .lis and an automated version of the SOS chrosotest
. All creosote oils were positive using $ . tvohimurius TA98tS9aix . With strain
TA100aS9aix only two of the creosote oils were positive . The SCS-test showed results
similar to the Ames test results with strain TA98i89aix . The two oils that were positive
both with TA98 and TAlOO were also positive in the 808 chromotest .The taped plate
assay for compounds evaporating at 37•C gave negative results for all the four creosote
oils . The creosote oils wre fractionated by distillation and the fractions were
tested using the Ames test . Mostly, the wtagenic activities were observed in fractions
with high-boiling compounds . The cheaical compositions of the creosote oils were
determined using OC/!tS-techniques . It was found that the wtagenic activities with
TA98a89mix correlated well (r .0 .96, p