Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - Legacy Tobacco ...

210 1989 EMS Abstracts,
http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/clb93d00/pdf
Notes stationary phi[se cells were more severely affected by triethylene
melamine, cyclophyWhamide and acridine orange treatment, whilst
the qenotoxia :%f?8'dCY of sodium nitite and ethyl-nitro-nitrosoguanidine
were slightly stronger when exposure took place during cell
proliferation . The genetic activity of aminofluorene was expressed
only in growing cells . Sterigmatocystin induced comparable qenotoxic
responses under both treatment conditions . The obtained data
support the necessity of considering both physiological conditions
for the assessment of substance induced genetic alterations in
yeasts. _
ADAPTIVE RESPONSE OF HUMAN BLOOD LYMPROCYTES TO LOW CONCENTRATIONS OF BLEOMYCIN .
VIJAYALAXMI . & W . BURKART .
Radiation Biology Unit, Paul Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland .
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Human peripheral blood lymphocytes cultured in the presence of low (adaptive)
concentrations of bleomycin (BLM), 0 .01 to 0 .1 vg/ml, for 48 hours and then treated
with a high (challenge) concentration of the same agent (1 .5 Ug/ml), became significantly
less sensitive to the induction of chromosomel damage than those which did not
receive the pre-treatment with BLM . They responded with lower frequencies of chromatid
and ioschromatid breaks . Lymphocytes pre-treated with low concentrations of BLM also
showed significant reduction in chromatid and chromosome breaks when challenged with
1 .5 Gy X-rays, as compared with those which were not adapted to BLM . These results lend
support to the operation of an inducible "adaptive repair" in human blood lymphocytes
which offers resistance and cross-resistance to the induction of chromosomal damage by
the same or similar DNA damaging agents . The adaptive repair process was found to be
negated when 3-aminobenzamide, an inhibitor of poly (ADP) polymerase, was added to the
cultures immediately after the challenge treatment with BLM or X-rays . The magnitude
of negation in the adaptive response was greater in the case of lymphocytes challenged
with X-rays as compared with those challenged with BLM .
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ISOLATION AND STRUCTURE ELUCIDATION OF fAUTAGENS FROfA ROASTED SEEDS OF
MORINGA OLEIFERA
Vi esePfor, I . ., C .Y .L . Sylienco, F . Dayrit, P . Finch ; Institute of
Chem .,Univ . of the Phil . ; Dept . of Chem, Ateneo U . and Dept . of Chem .,
R .H .B .N .C . (Univ . of London), U .K .
Several mutaqens have been isolated from the roasted seeds of
tAorince oleifera, commonly known as drumstick or horseradish tree .
The extracts of the roasted seeds were purified by solvent partition
end liquid chromatopraphy . The structures of the mutepens were 13
elucidated by spectral methods, includinp FT-IR, EI-IAS, 1H-NAiR, C-
NmR, and 2D-COSY . The Micronucleus Test, an in vivo method, using
albino mice as test system, was used for monitoring the mutapenicity
of the various fractions end for studying the structure-activity
correlations . The structure of an isolated now mutagen has been
elucidated ea 4(oC,-L-rhamnosyloxy)phenylacetonitrile . A number of
biosyntheticelly end chemically related compounds were also isolated .
MUTAGENIC ACTIVITY OF CHILLT-PASTES AND TSEIR INGREDIENTS .
U .Vinitketkumnuen, M .Suttajit, and T .Matsushim, Dept .of Biochemistry, Fac .of
Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50002, Thailand . and Dept .of Molecular
Oncology, Inst .of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108, Japan .
In Thailand, different kinds of chilli-paste are commonly used as an appetizing
seasoning for cooking . lie have surveyed the iutagenic activity in some kinds of
chilli-paste and their ingredients such as dry-chilli, shallot, garlic, coriander
seeds, caraway seeds, lemon grass, leach lime and greater galangal by Salmonella
mutation assay . It was found that some but not all preparations of commercial
chilli-paste and several ingredients vere mutagenic in the Salmonella typhimuriua
strain TA98 and TA100 with and without metabolic activation . The mutagenicity was
not due to food preservative (sodium benzeate) but to some other ingredients used
in chilli-paste preparation . Shallot, exhibited unequivocal mutagenic activity to
both tester strains with and without 89 mix, greater galangal was weakly mutagenic
toward TA100 with 39 miz . Chilli, itself and capsaicin, the pungent principle
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