Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - Legacy Tobacco ...

95 1989 EMS Abstracts
COMPARISON OF AMBIENT AIR MUTACENICITY DETECTED WITH TRADESCANTIA STAMEN Notes
HAIRS AFTER CHERNOBYL ACCIDENT AND ONE YEAR LATER
Antonina Cebulska-Vasilevska Radiobiology Department, Institute of Nuclear
Physics, 152 Radzikovskiego, 31-342 Cracov, POLAND
This paper presents the results of the research on mutagenic effect of ambient
air in the Cracow area . Reported studies were condueted first in May 1986,
after the Chernobyl accident . For comparison, second studies were performed in
various sites within the city in the Spring of 1987 . Counts were made of
stunted hairs and pink cells in the stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone 4430 .
Mutation scored since llth day after the beginning of exposure vera used as a
measure of mutation effect caused by the exposure . The mean mutation
frequencies measured for investigated periods were 0 .41 and 0 .17 nut/100
hairs respectively . Mutation frequency levels observed after the Chernobyl
accident show a correlation with iodine-131 and cesium-137 activity measured
in the air at that time . Although, results obtained in 1987 show on the
average the significant decrease of the ambient air mutagenieity, but the
variation betveen levels of mutations caused by chemical pollution and
observed in the Spring 1987 in different sites of the Cracov area is rather
high (0 .09 to 0 .31 mut/ 100 hairs) . It also indicates some correlation with
S02 contents in the air . Comparison between biological effects observed in
those two periods demonstrates the importance of chemical pollutants
mutagenicity .
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INFLUENCE OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON DOSE RESPONSE CURVE FOR SOMATIC
MUTATIONS IN TRADESCANTIA .
Antonina Cebulska-Vasilevska+, Robert Rorzeniovski***Radiobiology Department,
Institute of Nuclear Physics,152 Radzikowskiego, 31-342 Cracov,
**Civil Engineering Department, Technical University of Cracow, L-1
24 Varszavska Street, 31-155 Cracov, POLAND
Somatic mutations and cell lethality observed in the stamen hairs of the
heterosygous for the flower color clones of Tradescantia have often been used
as a biological plant test system . Due to its high sensitivity to radiation
and chemicals the system is particularly suitable for environmental studies .
The radiation dose response curve for the somatie sAtations in Tradescantia
is vall described by linear quadratic model . Presented paper shows hov an
alteration of the biophysical processes caused by some environmental agents
may influence the mutation dose-effect relationship . There are presented
different dose-response curves obtained by modification of the various
parameters describing DNA repair process efficiency . Results obtained both, in
previous studies with sodium fluoride as a possible repair processes
inhibitor, and also in recent studies with magnesium contents changed through
the use of dolomite sdded to the soil, are discussed and explained by
presented dose response curves analysis .
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COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE MICRONUCLEUS ASSAY IN CYTOKINESIS-BLOCKED BINUCLEATED AND
CONVENTIONAL MONONUCLEATED METHODS IN HUMAN PERIPHERAL BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES .
Channarayappa, J . Nath and T . Ong, West Virginia University and Division of
Respiratory Disease Studies, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health,
Morgantown, WV 26505 .
Bone marrow as well as peripheral blood lymphocytes and cultured manmalisn cells
have been used in the micronucleus assay . However, if the measurement of micronuclei
is to be used as a reliable indicator of damage due to chromosomal break or spindle
dysfunction, scoring of micronuclei must be restricted to cells which have undergone
division . Several attempts have been made to discriminate divided from nondivided
cells . Among them, the cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cell (CB) method of Fenech
and Morley (Mutation Res . 147 :29, 1985) is being used by several investigators . In
this study, we determined the optimum concentration of cytochalasin B (CYB) for the
induction of a maximum number of binucleated cells in human peripheral blood
lymphocytes (PBLS) and compared the efficacy of CD method with the conventional
mononucleus (CM) method for scoring micronuclei after human PBLS were treated with
mitomycin C and cyclophosphamide . The results showed that 3 pg CYB/ml was an
optimum concentration for the induction of binucleated cells without any significant
toxic effect and that the frequency of micronuclei in the CB method was higher than
that in the CM method for both chemicals . Thus, it appears that scoring of
micronuclei in binucleated cells is a usefyl method for measuring chrosasomal damage
in human PBLS .
http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/clb93d00/pdf
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