Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - Legacy Tobacco ...

170 1989 EMS Abstracts
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,.+ .,tct)vity of:~Af, ~not BaP . Each S9 was then tested for 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO)
http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/clb93d00/pdf
" hydroxylationtsictivity in a fluorometric mixed function oxidase (MFO) assay modified
from Niebert and G oin . No PPO hydroxylation activity was observed with any of the
callus S9 prep_%ra In parallel experiments, rat liver S9 activated both 2AF and
BaP, and exhibited strong HFO activity . Subsequently, nonphotosynthetic tobacco
callus was grown on Aroclor 1254 and 3-methylcholanthrene enriched callus media to
determine whether the hydroxylation enzymes could be induced . S9 preparations from
these callus cultures also were negative for BaP activation and for MFO activity . An
electron capture-gas chromatographic analysis of the callus grown on the Aroclor
enriched media, indicated that Aroclor 1254 was being incorporated into the growing
callus . These results suggest that callus from Nicotiana tobacum may not possess
sufficient quantities of the enzymes necessary to ydroxylate PANs (PPO and BaP) and
that these enzymes, if present, are not readily induced .
493
CYTOGENETIC EFFECT 0F PLANT USED IN CATTLE FOOD AND IN POPULAR MEDICINE .
D .M .F .Salvadori*,A .R .Silva*,M .D .M .Oliveira*,A .R .P .L .Bautista**,and L .R .Ribeiro* .
*Univeraidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador,BA (BRASIL),**Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuaria
da Bahia, Salvador, BA (BRASIL) .
Indi¢ofera suffruticosa is one of the plants widely used as animal food,ard its ecanmic
importance is due to the fact that the greater part of the cattle are fed with it .It is
also used as a medicinal plant in Brazil .The main compounds present in this plant are the
pyrolizidine alkaliods, A mutagenic activity of these alkaloids and their capacity to
induce liver tumor in man and in experimental animals have been observed .In this present
study,teste were made on the ability of aqueous and hexanic leaf extract of Indiaofera
suffruticosa to induce chromosome aberrations in mouse bone marrow ce1ls .Groups of male
mice were injected intraperitoneally with 3 different concentrations of aqueous leaf
extract, 0 .312, 0 .625 and 1 .250mg/kg body wt . which correspond,respectively to 6 .25,12 .5
and 25 .0% of the lethal dose (LD100)and with 3 different concentrations of hexanic leaf
extract (0 .625, 1 .250 and 2 .500mg/kg body wt .),respectively 12 .5, 25 .0 and 50 .0% of the
LD100• 24h after the treatment the animals were killed and bone marrow metaphase cells
were prepared .No significant increase in the frequency of cells with chremoaare aberrations
was observed between negative control (4 .7%) and the groups treated with aqueous leaf
extract (3 .0, 5 .0 and 5 .0% respectively) . For hexanic leaf extract the results obtained
were 5 .7, 3 .3 and 4 .0% . respectively . A,light increase (5 .7%) was observed only in the
lower concentration as compared to negative control (4 .8x) .Tbeae results showed that the
response decrease with increasing dose . Further experiments are in progress to examine
the clastogenic effects of the other plants in Brazil . FINEP, CNPq end COMCITEC .
494
MUTAGENICITY ACTIVITY OF AIRBORNE PARTICULATE EXTRACTS FROM SAO PAULO, BRAZIL .
PRELIMINARY RESULTS . P .S . Sanchez, G .U . Valent, M .C .L .S . Coelho, C .A . Coimbrao, C . Alon
so and M .I .2 . Sato . Companhia de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental (CETESB) . Sao Paulo,
Brazil, CEP 05489 .
It is well recognized that airborne particulate extractable organic matter may
contain compounds which have both mutagenic and carcinogenic activity . The objetive of
this study was to evaluate the mutagenicity of airborne particulate from Sao Paulo, in
urban and industrial Segions, where the incidence of respiratory diseases is high .
Air volumes of 2000 m were collected in glass-fiber filters using a high - volume
(Hi-vol) sampler in a 24 h period . Filters were extracted twice by ultrasonication
with 100 mL of 1 :1 mixture of methanol and dichloromethane . The extracts were filtered
in AP20 membrane and evaporated to dryness under vaccum and dry nitrogen . After
evaluation of dry weight, the extracts were dissolved in DMSO and assayed for
mutagenicity by Ames Test, using S. typJiimu4tua strains TA98 and TAJ00, in the presence
and absence of S-9 fraction . Results were expressed in revertents/m and revertents/yg
of extractable material . Preliminary results showed the presence of mutagenic compounds,
capable of inducing such frameshift mutation as base pair substitution, in several urban
extracts sampled . The results suggest the necessity of carrying out more detailed
studies about mutagenicity of particulate air pollutants in this area, which will be
useful in evaluating future changes in air quality in Sao Paulo, as well as provide
subsidies in the establishment of goals and criteria to an efficient action in air
pollution control .
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