Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - Legacy Tobacco ...

694
: 1989 EMS Abstracts 239
Notes
COMPARISON OF HUMAN AND RODENT RESPONSE TO GENOTOEICANTS
Schm X hl, D ., Institute of Tozicology and Chemotherapy, German Cancer
Research Center, Im=-Neuenheimer Feld 280, D-6900 Heidelberg, Federal
Republic of Germany
On the basis of results found in genetic toxicology, animal experi-
ments with rodents and human data, two groups of compounds are discussed,
namely anticancer drugs and N-nitroso compounds . Regarding anticancer
drugs, there is a good agreement between resulte obtained in
vitro in tests on genotoxioity and in carcinogenicity ezperimente in
rodents as well ae in -human-carcinogenesie . Investigations with Nnitroso
compounds ehowed that many N-nitroso compounde such as die-
thylnitrosamine are carcinogenic in many laboratory animals, but the
organotropism of the carcinogenic activity varies considerably . Epide-
miological studies on people monitoring concerning the extrapolation
of results obtained in animal experiments to the human situation have
to take into consideration that the organotropism of the carcinogenic
activity is often hard to predict . Possible reasons are epeculatively
discussed .
695
GEi:OTOXIC ASSAY OF TI(0 DIF:TARY FURP2dS BY SOW IN VIVO CYTOGENETIC PARAI+R9TERS
S . Subramanyam, D . SailaJa andD . Rathnaprabha
Department of Genetics, Osmania University,
Hyderabad 500007, India
Furans found in vegetarian and nonvegetarian foods and used to prepare resins,
varnisiies, pesticides and germicides are suspected to oause respiratory tract
infections, liver and lung oezicers . In the absence of proper information, the
genotozic potentials of two furans, Furfural and 2-methyl furan, were evaluated by
the standard in vivo cytogre netic protocols by employing somatic and molotio tissues
and nultiple paemeters on 8 to 10 week old Swiss albino mice as test system . In
somatic system o1L omosome mutatio : .s were scored from bone marrox oells, 24,48 and
72 hr . after oral feeding at 1000,2000 and 4000 p}m concentrations at 24 hr . intervals
for five dqyc . Furitiral induced chromosome matatious only with the highest
dose after 24 and 48 hr . 2-methyl furan did not do so . Both did not inhibit
synthesis of snindle proteins . There was no retardatiosi of oell division . In
neiotic test system, the test was . carried out for 24 hr . and from I to V weeks
at xeeYly intervals to cover one spermatogenetic cycle . Both compounds did not
induce Genotozio effects . They did not also cause sperm head abnormalities which
indicete point mutations induced in sex end autosomal genes governing their mospholof•y
. This analysis illustrates thF .t cumulative doses of the two flurane do not
cause any genotoxic hazards to the mammalian teet system .
696
GENETIC TOXICOLOGY OF COMPLEX MIXTURES--DVERVIEW AND SUMMARY OF THE WASHINGTON
SATELLITE MEETING . Waters, M ., U .S . Environ . Prot . Agency, Res . Tri . Park, NC (USA) .
Complex mixture research in genetic toxicology has advanced rapidly since the first
EPA-sponsored Symposium on "Short-Term Bioassays in the Analysis of Complex
Environmental Mixtures" held in 1978 . The purpose of this biennial symposium is to
present state-of-the-art techniques in bioassay and chemical analyses applied to
complex mixtures and to foster continued advancement of the field . The Washington
ICEM Satellite Meeting will begin with a presentation on the latest techniques in
molecular biology applicable to complex mixture research and then will separately
address complex mixtures in air and in water, and exposure/effects assessment . The
session on air focuses on the identification and characterization of component
chemicals and chemical classes found in combustion sources and in ambient and indoor
air . The thrust of research in this medium is to separately characterize the
contributions of various combustion sources as volatile and particulate components as
well as atmospheric transformation products to the observed genotoxicity of the air
mixture reaching the human receptor . In the water medium, the main emphasis of
research is on the characterization of mutagenic compounds formed during disinfection
of drinking water and on the development of new methods to detect genotoxicants in
various wastewaters . Exposures/effects assessment research deals with the use of DNA
and protein adduct dosimetry in conjunction with low dose extrapolation models used to
estimate cancer risk from environmental genotoxicants . Presentations will consider
cigarette smoking, occupational and industrial exposures as well as environmental
exposures . A final presentation will address future avenues of research in the field .
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