Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - Legacy Tobacco ...

118 1989 EMS Abstracts
Notes was about 0 .06 for frying, 20-30 for smoking and 50-60 for mosquito coil and incense
burning . The mutagenic activity was highest in the presence of S9 and the response,
expressed as TA98 revertants per ug particulate matter, was in the microsuspension
assay 1-2 .5 for mosquito coil and incense smoke and 6-8 for sidestream cigarette smoke
and frying fumes . With the exception of frying, all the other processes, which burn
vegetable materials, emitted the gaseous pollutants . Benzene emission was about the
same, 0 .4-0 .5 mg per g material, for all processes . Isoprene and carbon monoxide
emission varied depending on process with tobacco cigarette smoking giving the highest
isoprene emission and incense burning the highest carbon monoxide emission . It is
apparent that both common activities, as smoking and frying, as well as uncommon
activities, as incense and mosquito coil burning, can cause indoor air pollution .
http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/clb93d00/pdf
339
MUTAGENIC EFFECTS OF SODIUM AZIDE ON THREE VARIETIES OF PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANUUM L .
C .S . Longid, Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, i iman Phil .)
The objectives of this study were to determine the mutagenic effects of sodlum azide
on the M1 generation of three varieties of pepper and to study the frequency of chlorophyll
muti .tions in the M2 . Saeds of California wonder (CW), Long slim (L8) and Chinese
(C) were soaked in water for two hours befose treatment in 0 .12, 0 .25, 0 .50 and
0 .75 mM sodium azide at pH 3 for two hours at 30 C . The criteria used to assess the
mutaganic effects of azide in the !1~ included germination percentage, seedling and plant
height, saad set, number of leaves ~ar plant and presence of chimeras . The frequency
of chlorophyll mutations was determined in the M2 . Sodium asida induced a dose-effact
relationship in the indices used for mutagenicity except in the number of leaves par
plant, which did iiot show any relationship between the number of leaves per plant and
the dosage of the mutagen . The most frequent chlorophyll deficient mutations were the
viridisr, followed by chlorina, xantha and albina . Very few xantha and albina were
observed . Sodium azide was observed to be mitagenic in the three varieties of pepper
studied .
340
RESPONSES OF PEPPER VARIETIES AND THEIR FI HYBRIDS TO ETHYL METHANESULFONATE
C .S . Longid and J .D . Soriano, Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines,
Diliman (Philippines)
Seeds of California wonder (CW), Long Slim (LS) and Chinese (C) varieties of pepper
(~Ca e~icum Anuum L .) were treated with 0 .3% and 0 .6% ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) at pH
9 tol at3U°C . The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of EMS on
three pepper varieties and to study the chemo-sansitivity to EMS of the F crosses of
chemo-reeistant and the chemo-sensitive varieties . Data obtained in the Mi showed decrease
in germination percentage, shoot length, plant height, seed set and survival
percentage . Somatic chimeras were obtained . In the M2 seedlings, chlorophyll-deficiant
mutants induced in decreasing frequency were viridis, xantha and albina . The shoot
length response of a species is considered an important measure of its reaction to mutagenic
treatment, since it is based on the degree of biological damage . Hence, in this
study, C whose shoot length at 30 days was reduced by 49 .68% is considered chemo-sensitive
while LS and CW which had a 27 .48% and 29 .20% reduction in shoot length respectively
are considered chemo-resistant . Crosses were made batween the LS and C varieties .
Their F1 hybrids were treated with 0 .6% EMS . Same biological effects as in the .Ml were
obtained in the F2 seedlings . The three varieties of pepper showed varying responsas
to EMS, with only one variety (C) which was very sensitive to its effects . Their F1
hybrids were not very sensitive to EMS . (This study is a portion of the senior author's
dissertation presented for a Ph . D . in Botany, University of the Philippines in Diliman,
Philippines .)
341
•iTUDIES ON TEE EFFECTS OF GAMMA RADIATION ON KALANCHOE PINNATA Ys:hS .
C .S . Longid, Institute of Biology, University of the Philippines, Diliman,(Phil .)
Kalanchoe innata Pers ., Kataka-taka (Pil .), life plant (~g .) is a vegetatively
propagatscf species, which gives rise to plantlets at the leaf wargins . the objectives
of this study were to determine the effects of gamma radiation on the regeneration o :
leaves, plant height, general morphology and the frequency of chlorophyll mutation@ ir
the VM2 generation of Kalanchoe . Leaves from plants propagated from a single plant war : .
washed, dabbed dry and were subjected to different doses of radiation . One set was
exposed to 1000r per six minutes and the rest at doses of 2000r to 6000r per hour .
The biological effects of gamma radiation on this plant were studied using different
criteria such as percentage of reganuration per leaf, plant height, types and fraquenc7•
of chlorophyll mutations . Percentage of regeneration was markedly reduced at 2000r .
Plnntlet growth was also decreased . Reduction increased linearly with increasing radiation
dose . Chlorophyll mutant plantlets obtained were dark green (viridis),yallow-green
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