Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - Legacy Tobacco ...

1989 EMS Abstracts
.feronucl.us tast. Mo direct DNA darsiai capacity aas observed of tAs Organic Notes
axtracts of strsst soil sa.plss from all eight dist:iets . AowesY . Mutagsoieiq
aftsr rtatiolic acti .atien and ckro .osesn brsakia= effects wrs exhibited by
orpnic oztraeta of street soil sasplos fro . industrial and oe.mreial areas
from four districts . Q"otoxicity wws correlated with ttr prsssncs of
bsnso(a)pyr .as .
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ASBES'T06 PSSOCIATID III.IS=NP HESOTF>ELICNGi : GCNSISTLNP CFROMOG0t9iL QiF,NM IN 1S2Ctt
CELL LIAES FROtd SIX PATIENIS .
Lirviairiaa, K .I ., PalirrShlun3, K . Tanmilehto, L ., 1Mattson, K ., Jantunen, K ., Husgafvel-
Pursiainen, K . Insti . of Occupational Health and 1 Univ . Hospital, Helsinki, FICIIAND
Exposure to asbestos fibers is lanwri to be associated with malignant mesotheliema in
at least 80% of the tumor cases . Karyotypic studies of m3sothelioma tissues have
revealed a variety of changes involving different duomosares . A consistent kazyotypic
abnormality oa :mon to niesotheliomas has not been reported previously . We have chracterized
cytogenetically seven mesothelio:na cell lines and a short-term eulture whic3i have
been established in our laboratory from ttsnor tissue or pleural fluid sanples fram six
patients with pleural malignant mesothelioma . All the cases of our study have a heavy
asbestos exposure history . Complex structural and ntmerical abnannalities were observed
in all the cultures studied. Excess chromatid material of the short atm of diranosams 5
was consistently seen in the cells of five patients . In four of the cases, monoea :y of
c:lrcc,nsane 13 was observed . Additionally, double minute chrarosaees or harogeniously
staining regions were frequently noted . The observed specific absormalities eottman to
several patients, e .g . the excess of the p-ana of chrarosans 5 and monosony of chratrosare
13 suggest the importanee of these karyotypic changes in the development of malignant
nesotheliana . We have shawm that asbestos and glass fibers are able to induce ctu :anosanal
damage in human primary mesothelial cell cultures in vitro . The possible association of
these findings with the kaYyotypic changes in turor cells remains to be solved .
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A STUDY ON THE WORKERS OF COKING PLANT WITH MICRONUCLEUS (MN) FREQUENCY .
FRAGILE SITES (FRR .) AND SISTER CHROMATID EXCHRNGE (SCE)
Liu Yongchang . Shanxi Cancer InstitutQ,Taiyuan .Shanxi (PRC)
In this study, thrQa experiments had been done in coking workers and
in normal control .ThQy were divided into 5 groups according to different
testing spots : 1 . Workers of coking workshop ; 2 . Other workars . 3 .Staffs
who were not in the workshop . 4 . The individuals of the steel institute .
S .Normal control :ThQ results were as follow : 1 .Ths :data of MN frQquancw
in sequence were 3 .13. 3 .25, 2 .21 . 2 .10, 0 .44 : 2 . The sequence of
chromosome aberration (CR) were 4 .13, 5 .05, 1 .50 . 2 .?2 . 0 .20 . 3 . The
sequence of SCE were 9 .60. . 8 .58 . 8 .88' . 6 .32 . 6 .40 .ThQra were significant
differences among all these data . The concentration of Bap detected at
this 5 spots list as logarithmic valua* 2 .38, 1 .78 . 1 .00 . 0 .59 . E .41,
respectivnlu . Compared these data with MN . CA and SCE by means of
correlation tast- the results showed that all were positive correlations
TharQ were 251 fra. at all . 60% in the chromosome group A and 22X in
group B . Of the 113 identified fra . . 34 .5X were inheritable (3p14) and
47 .78% were corresponding to the nonrandom carcinoma fra . .
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CHROMATIN ALTERATIONS DURING EXCISION REPAIR
M. Ljungman and G . Ahnstrbm, Department of Radiobiology, Arrheniua Laboratories for Natural Sdeneea,
University of Stockholm, S-10961 Stockbolm,Sweden .
DNA excision repair in mammalian cells scema to be associated with chromatin modification events . Cells
exposed to ultraviolet light appear to undergo a general type of chromatin modification while methylmethane
sulphonate treatment induce a more localized modification . It has been our Intention to further investigate the
mechanismc of these chromatinmodityingeventsinmammalian ceDa .Inapreviousttudy, kinedaofrepairinduced
DNA strand breaks were followed in Y79 hamster cell cultures treated with methylmethana aulphonate (Id1vIS) .
The shapes of the DNA strand break curves when adding the drug 3-aminobenramide suggest that poly(ADPriboso)polymerase
was involved in locally modifjdog the chromatin prior to the rejoining step . Thia modification
might be required in order for the ligase to gain access to the repair site. To study ehromatin alterations associated
with nucleotide excision repair in human fibroblasts, we used the DNA-damagiog agents bleomycin, gamma
radiation and8-methoxypsoralen .Ithasbeenshownthatthese agents react preferentiallywith DNA in open regions
of the chromatin. Thus, they are suitable for talnng'snapahots' of the chromatin, revealing how open its structure
is at any particular time . Results obtained on cells undergoing repair after UV-'uradution indicate that the
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