Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis - Legacy Tobacco ...

24 1989 EMS Abstracts 6 2
http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/clb93d00/pdf
Notes THE AUGER ELEGTRON DOSIMETRY OF INDIUM IN THE NUCLEUS OF V79 CELLS . D.H .
Blakey', J.R. McLean', G .R. Douglas', D . Wilkinson', and J.M . Bayley', 'Mutagenesis Section, Bureau of
Chemical Hazards, and 'RadioPharmaceuticals Section, Bureau of Medical Devices, Department of National
Health and Welfare, Ottawa, Canada, K1A 0I2.
Many radiopharmaceuticals or their metabolites distribute to intracellular sites where the release of Auger
electrons can damage radiosensitive structures such as DNA . The effect of intracellular "'udium eadne on
chromosomal aberrations and cell killing was defined in terms of equivalent "Cobalt doses . About 30% of
cell-associated "'In oxine was found in the nucleus and 7 .5% in the DNA. Based on the assumption that
these effects result only from radioactivity in the cell nucleus, the radiation dose to a cell was estimated by
chromosomal aberration analysis to be 9 .6 x 10' Gy/decay and, by the colony assay for cell survival to be
10.1 x 10' Gy/decay. The dose based on chromosomal aberrations is probably underestimated, since data
from cells with pulverized chromosomes were excluded from the calculations . Furthermore, the cellular
radiation dose could be as high as 13 .0 x 10' Gy/decay if only the DNA-associated radioactivity was presumed
to contribute to the biological endpoint . Using the method deaeribedby NCRP (Public . 63), the average
radiation dose to the cell nucleus from introcxllular "'In was estimated to be about 3.3 x 10' Gy/decay.
Accordingly, based on the biological dose estimates in this study, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE)
for intracellular "'In was estimated to be as high as 3.1 (i.e. 10.1/3.3). Moreover, if the DNA-associated
radioactivity is assumed to be the sole contributor to cellular damage, the RBE could be even higher .
Virtually all of the energy absorbed in the nucleus would be from the nuclear-associated Auger electron, since
thepe netrating emissions (x- and gamma rays, and internal conversion electrons) ~ntn'bute only 6 .1 x 1001
Gy/decay. It would, therefore, appear that the conventional method of organ dosimetry, which presumes a
uniform distribution of energy throughout the target volume, is inappropriate when applied to intracellular
Auger electron emitting compounds such as "'In .
NUTAGENICITY AND ANTIMDTACENICITY TESTING OF SIX CHEMICALS ASSOCIATED WITH
THE PUNGENT PROPERTIES OF SPECIFIC SPICES. E. D. Elevins and Asliyati Asian,
School of Public 6 Allied Health, Dept. of Health Sciencea, East Tennessee State
Univeraity, Johnson City, Tli 37614.
Six compounds, capsaiein, thymol, borneol . and allyl were screened for
mutagenic activity using Salmonella t~hiauriom strains TA97, TA98 and TA100,
with and without 89 metabolic activation. A11 six oompounds are associated with
the pungent properties of some specific spices . It was observed that capsaicin
was mutagenic using strain TA100 in the presence of 89. Capaaiein, found in the
spice Cansicum annum, was detected and quantified using thin layer and gas
chrosutographic techniques . The presence of an antimutagenic factor(s) in C.
annum that could suppress the nutagenicity of capsaicin was detected. When the
mutagens capsaicin and 2-aminoanthracene were assayed in the presence of C .
annum acetone extract, using strain TA100 with 89 metabolic activation, the
nutagenic response of both the mutagens were reduced by approxisutely 50%.
Assaying capsaicin and 2-aminoanthracene in the presence of chlorophyll, the
mutagenic response of the two smtagene were reduced by less than 401 . From this
observation it was inferred that chloropbyll can successfully suppress the
mutagenicity activities of capsaicin and 2-astinoanthracene, together with other
antimutagenic factors that were present in the acetone extract of C. annum.
THE DETECTION OF 1WTAGENECITY OF CKMfICAL FACTCRS IN INDUSTRY
N. P.Boabko v
Institute of Medical (ienetios ASS USSR, Mosco w
The paper generalizes the results of the control of mutagenio effect
of chemioals in real industry conditions (some plants) in the USSR . To
detect possible mutageneoity danger of industry chemicals for a man oytogenetio
analysis was made regarding the oooupational group of workers
being in contact with chloroprene lead,dioetbyl phtalat dimethyl aoetamide,benao(a)
pyrene,trichlorfon,d~methyl sulplute formaidelyde,ethylene
ozide,vinyl chloride and also rubber industry wor>