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2008 - Marketing Educators' Association

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DEVELOPING CAREER MANAGEMENT COMPETENCY THROUGH ALUMNI MENTORING<br />

Peter A. Kaufman, Illinois State University, Department of <strong>Marketing</strong>,<br />

Campus Box 5590, Bloomington, IL 61790-5590; peter.kaufman@ilstu.edu<br />

Frederick W. Langrehr, Valparaiso University, College of Business Administration,<br />

Valparaiso, IN 46383; frederick.langrehr@valpo.edu<br />

ABSTRACT<br />

One way for marketing students to learn how<br />

marketing is practiced and about possible career<br />

opportunities is by interacting with marketing<br />

practitioners. This is a report on a formal mentoring<br />

assignment in a senior marketing strategy course.<br />

Students were assigned marketing department<br />

alumni and exchanged a series of e-mails with them<br />

during the semester. The students and mentors<br />

reported a positive experience with the project.<br />

INTRODUCTION<br />

“… business schools have largely failed in enabling<br />

students to prepare for successful careers as<br />

marketing professionals. Knowledge transmission is<br />

well developed …; skill development and attitude<br />

change get far less attention” (Cunningham, 1995, p.<br />

3). Much has changed over the past decade since<br />

Cunningham wrote the above quote. Schools of<br />

business and marketing departments in particular<br />

have implemented a number of program changes to<br />

“bring the outside in” for business majors, such as<br />

requiring internships for graduation and assigning<br />

class projects where students act as consultants to<br />

organizations. Another way to help students learn<br />

about being business professionals is through<br />

mentoring programs.<br />

REVIEW OF MENTORING PROGRAMS<br />

There are three excellent review articles on<br />

mentoring (Jacobi, 1991; Allen et. al., 2004; Gibson,<br />

2004).<br />

Mentoring Definitions<br />

As articulated by Jacobi (1991), a mentor is<br />

someone older with experience, typically within the<br />

mentee’s organization, helping and advising<br />

someone younger and with less knowledge. Gibson<br />

(2004) relates that the concept of mentoring has<br />

been expanded to include peer-to-peer and group<br />

mentoring.<br />

Mentoring Functions<br />

There is also general consensus that there are three<br />

mentoring functions – career development,<br />

89<br />

psychosocial support, and role modeling, although<br />

Kram (1985) included the last function as a<br />

psychosocial activity and therefore we will focus on<br />

the first two in this report. Career development<br />

includes being a coach and sponsor and helping the<br />

protégée obtain career advancing responsibilities<br />

which would demonstrate the mentee’s abilities and<br />

give the person organizational visibility. Psychosocial<br />

functions help the mentee emotionally and aid<br />

in the development of self confidence in the person’s<br />

ability to be successful. This mentoring activity is<br />

frequently associated with developing a friendship<br />

sometimes separate from the organization (Gibson,<br />

2004).<br />

Types of Programs<br />

Mentoring programs are frequently defined as formal<br />

programs sponsored by organizations where<br />

mentors are assigned, or as informal relationships<br />

that develop on a more ad hoc personal level based<br />

on a mutual attraction and free choice (Chao, Walz,<br />

& Gardner, 1992). Some researchers found that with<br />

informal mentoring relationships protégés had higher<br />

satisfaction and more successful career outcomes<br />

(Chao, Walz, & Gardner, 1992). This prompted the<br />

authors to suggest that in formal programs mentors<br />

not be arbitrarily assigned and more care be given to<br />

matching mentors to mentees.<br />

Mentoring Outcomes<br />

In a meta-analysis of 43 studies on the outcomes of<br />

organizational mentoring programs (educational<br />

mentoring programs were excluded) Allen et al.<br />

(2004) found there were clear benefits to having a<br />

mentor. Mentored people when compared to nonmentored<br />

people reported higher compensation,<br />

more promotions, greater career and job satisfaction<br />

and greater intentions to stay with their current<br />

organization. When looking at the two types of<br />

mentoring, career development and psychosocial,<br />

the same positive benefits previously listed were<br />

reported for both types of mentoring. One interesting<br />

difference between the two mentoring objectives<br />

was there was greater satisfaction with psychosocial<br />

than with career mentoring.<br />

Scandura (1998), in an organization setting,<br />

however, raises some red flags about mentoring,

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