2008 - Marketing Educators' Association
2008 - Marketing Educators' Association
2008 - Marketing Educators' Association
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DEVELOPING CAREER MANAGEMENT COMPETENCY THROUGH ALUMNI MENTORING<br />
Peter A. Kaufman, Illinois State University, Department of <strong>Marketing</strong>,<br />
Campus Box 5590, Bloomington, IL 61790-5590; peter.kaufman@ilstu.edu<br />
Frederick W. Langrehr, Valparaiso University, College of Business Administration,<br />
Valparaiso, IN 46383; frederick.langrehr@valpo.edu<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
One way for marketing students to learn how<br />
marketing is practiced and about possible career<br />
opportunities is by interacting with marketing<br />
practitioners. This is a report on a formal mentoring<br />
assignment in a senior marketing strategy course.<br />
Students were assigned marketing department<br />
alumni and exchanged a series of e-mails with them<br />
during the semester. The students and mentors<br />
reported a positive experience with the project.<br />
INTRODUCTION<br />
“… business schools have largely failed in enabling<br />
students to prepare for successful careers as<br />
marketing professionals. Knowledge transmission is<br />
well developed …; skill development and attitude<br />
change get far less attention” (Cunningham, 1995, p.<br />
3). Much has changed over the past decade since<br />
Cunningham wrote the above quote. Schools of<br />
business and marketing departments in particular<br />
have implemented a number of program changes to<br />
“bring the outside in” for business majors, such as<br />
requiring internships for graduation and assigning<br />
class projects where students act as consultants to<br />
organizations. Another way to help students learn<br />
about being business professionals is through<br />
mentoring programs.<br />
REVIEW OF MENTORING PROGRAMS<br />
There are three excellent review articles on<br />
mentoring (Jacobi, 1991; Allen et. al., 2004; Gibson,<br />
2004).<br />
Mentoring Definitions<br />
As articulated by Jacobi (1991), a mentor is<br />
someone older with experience, typically within the<br />
mentee’s organization, helping and advising<br />
someone younger and with less knowledge. Gibson<br />
(2004) relates that the concept of mentoring has<br />
been expanded to include peer-to-peer and group<br />
mentoring.<br />
Mentoring Functions<br />
There is also general consensus that there are three<br />
mentoring functions – career development,<br />
89<br />
psychosocial support, and role modeling, although<br />
Kram (1985) included the last function as a<br />
psychosocial activity and therefore we will focus on<br />
the first two in this report. Career development<br />
includes being a coach and sponsor and helping the<br />
protégée obtain career advancing responsibilities<br />
which would demonstrate the mentee’s abilities and<br />
give the person organizational visibility. Psychosocial<br />
functions help the mentee emotionally and aid<br />
in the development of self confidence in the person’s<br />
ability to be successful. This mentoring activity is<br />
frequently associated with developing a friendship<br />
sometimes separate from the organization (Gibson,<br />
2004).<br />
Types of Programs<br />
Mentoring programs are frequently defined as formal<br />
programs sponsored by organizations where<br />
mentors are assigned, or as informal relationships<br />
that develop on a more ad hoc personal level based<br />
on a mutual attraction and free choice (Chao, Walz,<br />
& Gardner, 1992). Some researchers found that with<br />
informal mentoring relationships protégés had higher<br />
satisfaction and more successful career outcomes<br />
(Chao, Walz, & Gardner, 1992). This prompted the<br />
authors to suggest that in formal programs mentors<br />
not be arbitrarily assigned and more care be given to<br />
matching mentors to mentees.<br />
Mentoring Outcomes<br />
In a meta-analysis of 43 studies on the outcomes of<br />
organizational mentoring programs (educational<br />
mentoring programs were excluded) Allen et al.<br />
(2004) found there were clear benefits to having a<br />
mentor. Mentored people when compared to nonmentored<br />
people reported higher compensation,<br />
more promotions, greater career and job satisfaction<br />
and greater intentions to stay with their current<br />
organization. When looking at the two types of<br />
mentoring, career development and psychosocial,<br />
the same positive benefits previously listed were<br />
reported for both types of mentoring. One interesting<br />
difference between the two mentoring objectives<br />
was there was greater satisfaction with psychosocial<br />
than with career mentoring.<br />
Scandura (1998), in an organization setting,<br />
however, raises some red flags about mentoring,