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2008 - Marketing Educators' Association

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ACHIEVING A BLACK BELT IN THE MENTORING OF MARKETING FACULTY: A REVIEW<br />

OF THE LITERATURE AND DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH<br />

Craig A. Kelley, California State University, Sacramento, 6000 J St.,<br />

Sacramento, CA 95819; kelleyca@csus.edu<br />

ABSTRACT<br />

A growing number of unfilled tenure-track faculty<br />

lines have intensified the competition among<br />

marketing departments to recruit and retain new<br />

faculty members. Peer mentoring programs have<br />

taken on greater significance in retaining and<br />

developing new and tenured faculty members. This<br />

paper reviews the mentoring literature, presents a<br />

method for structuring a faculty mentor program, and<br />

advances the idea of offering a black belt in faculty<br />

mentoring.<br />

INTRODUCTION<br />

Business schools face the challenge of recruiting<br />

and retaining a faculty that is responsive to a rapidly<br />

changing global economy. The growing gap in the<br />

number of tenure-track faculty lines that must be<br />

filled due to retiring baby boomers relative to the low<br />

number of new business doctorates that are<br />

conferred each year has exacerbated the challenge<br />

of recruiting, developing, and retaining faculty<br />

(Swartz, Swartz, & Liang, 2007). The shortage of<br />

doctorates in business is estimated to grow to 1,150<br />

by 2009 and 2,500 by 2014 (Olian, LeClair, &<br />

Milano, 2004). The growing number of unfilled<br />

tenure-track positions is most acute in accounting,<br />

finance, and marketing (AACSB International 2007).<br />

In addition to presenting a risk of a business school<br />

losing its AACSB accreditation because of a low<br />

ratio of academically qualified faculty, the shortage<br />

of doctorates in business limits the ability of the<br />

business discipline to advance scholarship in the<br />

field (Davis & McCarthy, 2005).<br />

The pressure to recruit new faculty members from a<br />

small pool of recruits has led to an escalation in<br />

starting salaries and the need to offer additional<br />

support in the form of reduced teaching loads,<br />

summer stipends, and faculty development funds.<br />

Differences in the amount of state support for the<br />

hiring of faculty can put some university systems at a<br />

significant disadvantage. For example, the California<br />

State University system was only able to fill 50<br />

percent and 57 percent of its tenure-track lines in<br />

business in 2004-2005 and 2005-2006, respectively<br />

(Swartz, Swartz, & Liang, 2007).<br />

Peer mentoring programs are used extensively in<br />

universities in an effort to retain faculty members.<br />

However, there is very little research in the business<br />

93<br />

education literature generally, and marketing<br />

education literature specifically, that has investigated<br />

the best practices of faculty mentoring programs.<br />

The purpose of this paper is to bridge this gap in the<br />

marketing education literature by presenting a<br />

method for structuring a faculty mentoring program,<br />

advancing a process for achieving a black belt in<br />

mentoring of faculty over their careers, and<br />

highlighting directions for future research.<br />

REVIEW OF THE MENTORING LITERATURE<br />

Mentoring is the process where an experienced<br />

person helps a less experienced person develop in<br />

some specified capacity. Gibson (2005)<br />

distinguished mentoring from other support provided<br />

by a protégé’s colleagues in that mentors act in a<br />

way that has the protégé’s best interests as their<br />

priority (e.g., willing to share their resources,<br />

exercise care in providing advice, and invest in<br />

building a mentor-protégé relationship). Conversely,<br />

collegial support is offered at a lower level of<br />

involvement (e.g., helpful in providing advice and<br />

information but don’t initiate transfer of knowledge<br />

and opportunities to the protégé).<br />

Mentoring in a university setting is frequently<br />

associated with faculty development (Legorreta,<br />

Kelley, & Sablynski, 2006). Often faculty development<br />

is used synonymously with developing<br />

teaching skills (Mills, 1994) and research (Bland &<br />

Schmitz, 1990), both of which are a part of faculty<br />

mentoring. However, mentoring involves developing<br />

a strong interpersonal bond between the mentor and<br />

protégé, and may be manifested as coaching, action<br />

learning, action learning teams, peer mentoring, or<br />

group mentoring (Gibson, 2005). Mentoring provides<br />

information, opportunities, psychosocial (i.e.,<br />

emotional) support, and career and work-related<br />

advice (Tang & Chamberlain, 2003). Mentoring may<br />

be an informal relationship where the interpersonal<br />

bond is relatively weak. Formal mentoring programs<br />

attempt to build a stronger interpersonal bond<br />

between mentor and protégé, and typically involve<br />

the assignment of a mentor to one or more protégés.<br />

Research on the mentor-protégé relationship has<br />

investigated several variables that are considered<br />

essential to the success of a mentoring program.<br />

Greater similarity between mentor and protégé in<br />

personality and work styles results in stronger<br />

mentor-protégé relationships (Burke, McKeen, &

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