A biological study of Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot and D ...

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Fi9:ur~ S .12. (a) The effect of fish grazing on D. antarotioa. Four month old (b) specimens from Ke~n Point transect, Kaikoura Peninsula. Regeneration of D. rmtaroti(Ja laminae after their margins have been eaten by fish. Ten month old specimens from Kean Point transect. (c) &< (d) ~lound healing after damage caused by Herpodisous dUY'vi "l Zeae , (e) Regeneration from a break in a D. antaY'otioa thong. particular. break was at a site previously infected by HeJ'podisoUB 0 This (f) The isopod Amphi~a falcifeY' grazing on a D. antarotioa lamina. Meristoderm and outer cortex are rasped away. Holes may form where grazing is particularly severe. (g) Regeneration where a D. antarctica lamina has been torn.
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A BIOLOGICAL STODY OF AN'JlARCTICA
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j i "The seas: CCl1l1(2: running in
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v CHAPlEt( 7 8 9 10 t\ PPE ND ICES
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vii Fot' theil' effol"ts to obi;ain
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CHAPTER INTRODUCTION I acid and its
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1 CHAPTER TWO MATERIALS AND METHODS
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(c) Standing crop Nas measured as w
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7 the primary blade broke off. Furt
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9 four sites: Areas 5b and 6b at 'f
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1 t the rock surface. Area E (1 x 2
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13 ____ ~ __ 2_._2 Scale of concept
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15 added to the top of the tube. Th
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In addition, dai records of sea sta
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19 The series of low ridges absorbs
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Figure 2.1. LOCATION OF PRINCIPAL S
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Figur.e 2.3. TAU'l'UKU STODY AREA.
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T fine cracks D
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'to J ~" FMAMJ ASONDJ ASONDJ FMAMJ
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27 CH/\P A TAXONOMIC AND NOMENCI ..
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29 (i) Hol,dfast The external morph
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31 {c} The basic cellular arrangeme
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3.1 J03 TYPIFICATION (1) DUX'viUaea
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35 commanded on a scie:ntlfic voyag
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37 recently as 1921 (Cockayne 1921)
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stipe (less than 5 em long) and a h
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41 A TeD spccimclI annotated on the
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43 cortex (Figs 3.3a and 3.4e). Oth
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45 and states, "SaY'cophYCU8 simple
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47 holdfast,
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49 Table 3.1 Differences between Du
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51 General distribution: The Chatha
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53 7 ~) (a) Stipitate lateral lamin
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(a) Laminaria po~oidea in the Lamou
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of D. Hook.fil. 1845. TCD .3 in (c)
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LAMINA SECTIONS OF HERBARIUM SPECIM
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=.at.:;;;.;;;:.,;;;;....:....;,., .
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(b) (c) (d) SECTIONS THROUGH THE ME
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II I J c d
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f end of lamina or differentiated m
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66 that DurvilZaea extends several
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613 numerous narrow channels. On th
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70 from IVJLWS to a level between t
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72 within 0,3-0.5 m of the band. Th
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74 Some growing on crevices on the
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76 level of stl/ards of D. ar/"l;ar
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78
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80 algae except for those in crevic
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82 (d) Australia: D. potatoY'UflJ i
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84 d~stribution at species, winter
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86 several thousand miles. It is li
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80 (cl D. antarctica extends no nor
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90 The most southern tip of South A
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92 islands. On Kerguelen and Crozet
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Figure 4.2. D. ANTARCTICA AT HEARD
Page 122 and 123: d e
Page 124 and 125: ~I 50
Page 126 and 127: WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF DlIRVILLAl!:A
Page 128 and 129: Figure 4.6. DISTRIBUTION OF D. ANTA
Page 130 and 131: 50 45 /" b WATER LOSS /0 EXPESSED A
Page 132 and 133: 102 In almost all the composite hol
Page 134 and 135: 104 confined to the merist.oderm, t
Page 136 and 137: 106 longe:r.: than D. anta:.r'ctica
Page 138 and 139: 108 This is not the only way that l
Page 140 and 141: 110 (iii) Cape form (Figs.3.9a,b: 5
Page 142 and 143: of antarctica across a 9 Sa 8 7 10
Page 144 and 145: 114 'rable 5,3 Measurements of D. a
Page 146 and 147: 116 Subsequent reg~neration of shor
Page 148 and 149: 118 at the entran.ce to l-'Iilford
Page 150 and 151: 120 with increasing latitude. The i
Page 152 and 153: 1mm
Page 154 and 155: t lOO,AU".
Page 156 and 157: 30-60mins 2
Page 158: J I em IDem J ] 10 em ] IOcm 3-4 we
Page 161 and 162: f
Page 163 and 164: CJ) -0 I\) Q.. 60 50 Q 3 40 ~ ....
Page 166: Figure 5.9. CLIFF FACES AT TADTUKU.
Page 170: UNUSUAL STIPE FEATURES OF D. A GROW
Page 175 and 176: A (wave force v. strong) "I. n :: 2
Page 177 and 178: E v
Page 179 and 180: 136 the darker granula.r protoplast
Page 181 and 182: 138 Conceptacles first appea.t in s
Page 183 and 184: 140 6" 4 ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS POSS
Page 185 and 186: 142 (b) The exposure experiment: Ou
Page 187 and 188: 141 Al though lim i ted by the fae
Page 189 and 190: of ostiole ]
Page 191 and 192: 100 Tal.ltukll Bo 40 100 Yalutllku
Page 193 and 194: 148 Table 7.1 Range of stipe length
Page 195 and 196: 150 holes of Oaro spec imens after
Page 197 and 198: 152 Table 7.4 lncrease in the lengt
Page 199 and 200: 154 analyses. Difficulties in taggi
Page 201 and 202: 156 (f) Regeneration: Nei ther spec
Page 203 and 204: 15S of the Ohau but these were easi
Page 205 and 206: 160 (b) At Parititahi, 80% of the t
Page 207 and 208: Figure 7.1. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PL
Page 209 and 210: Figure 7.2. HOLE PUNCHING EXPERIMEN
Page 211 and 212: Figure 7.4. HOLE PUNClHNG EXPERIMEN
Page 213 and 214: Figure 7.5. GROWTH OF MARK.ED D. AN
Page 215 and 216: Figure 7.7. GROWTH OF MARKED D. ANT
Page 217 and 218: Fi9uxe 7 .9. GROW~ OF MARKED D. ANT
Page 219 and 220: Figure 7 .ll. UNDERSTOREY D. census
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Figure 7.13. GROWTH OF D. ANTARCTIC
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A: Small c: Entire MORTALITY OF MAR
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, , Mean number of marked D. SEASON
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174 CHAPTER EIGHT POPULATION STUDIE
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176 seasonal pattern of grolJlth an
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178 2 MeasuY@ments of standing crop
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180 The two crop measurements obtai
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50 .40 30 20 10 2 3 4 5 TOTAL LEN 6
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30 Area 6, utuku 27 Feb'73 20 n '"
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30 28 26 Standing 24_ c rap as 22 k
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185 CHAPTE!~ NINE EXPERIMENTAL ~MOV
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1B7 KEY -- R Rare. List of flora as
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189 Almost ~lediately after D. anta
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191 areal, but this was to be expec
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193 9.3 Small recolonising D. visib
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195 plants in adjacent control area
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197 holdfasts and those which \tler
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was heavily colonised~ On Area 7, f
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201 9 . 6 SUMMARY OF RESOLTS D. ant
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7 D
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,.. , ~ 3.5 - . . Mean . length ..
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12 10 Mean 8 fit 6 weight .4 x 100g
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Stipe length & Stipe 2 l' Ime ( mar
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12 3 24 3 N" ., J' 1 1",, _____ < .
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Stipe as a % of total wgt. Slipe wg
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d=I099/m 2 2\ Odober' 72 w IJj 0:::
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'-,0 :
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212 CHAPTER TEN DISCUSSION 10.1 SPE
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214 of unknown nature, and by the p
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216 half of ·the s uprali ttoral f
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218 Attempts to cross ... fertilise
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220 growth rate. D. anta~cti~a plan
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222 and fo:t· many of them; the wo
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224 than at Ohau Point where it is
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Nave force inside the OhC!m Point c
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V~riation in ~tanding crop with wav
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230 10.9 Recolonisation by D. antar
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232 kilometres of shore, or alterna
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234 but it is a.lmost an underestim
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~jb minimum age of a plant.. age. T
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238 t.hen a longer. interval betwee
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240 REFERENCES CITED Adams, N.M. (1
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242 Chamberlain, Y.M. (1965). Marin
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244 Fritsch, F.E. (1959) 0 The st~o
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246 Kawashima, S. (1972). A study o
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248 Lindauer, V.W'1 Chapman, V,J, a
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250 Parke, N. (1949). Studies on Br
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252 Suhr, J.N. von (1836), Beitrag
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254 APPENDIX ONE SEA SURFACE TEMPER
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256 APPENDIX ONE (CONTINUED) DATE M
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258 APPENDIX TWO (48) Puysegur Pt.
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260 APPENDIX THREE (CONTINUED) from
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.; .; 262 APPENDIX FIVE LIST OF D,
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