A biological study of Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot and D ...

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50 Large samples of D. antarctica and D. chathcom:ca ",'ere compared to see if there was any measurable differences between the species. A 5 m wide strip ~·JaS cleared through the l
51 General distribution: The Chatham Island group dnd Antipodes Island (Fig _ 4.3). Specimens which nel~pine photographed on Kerguelen Island (Del~pine 1963: 5, Fig _ 3) and called D. c:aepestipes may belong to this 8pecie!!l because t.hey were grm
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A BIOLOGICAL STODY OF AN'JlARCTICA
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j i "The seas: CCl1l1(2: running in
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v CHAPlEt( 7 8 9 10 t\ PPE ND ICES
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vii Fot' theil' effol"ts to obi;ain
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CHAPTER INTRODUCTION I acid and its
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1 CHAPTER TWO MATERIALS AND METHODS
Page 13 and 14: (c) Standing crop Nas measured as w
Page 15 and 16: 7 the primary blade broke off. Furt
Page 17 and 18: 9 four sites: Areas 5b and 6b at 'f
Page 19 and 20: 1 t the rock surface. Area E (1 x 2
Page 21 and 22: 13 ____ ~ __ 2_._2 Scale of concept
Page 23 and 24: 15 added to the top of the tube. Th
Page 25 and 26: In addition, dai records of sea sta
Page 27 and 28: 19 The series of low ridges absorbs
Page 29: Figure 2.1. LOCATION OF PRINCIPAL S
Page 33: Figur.e 2.3. TAU'l'UKU STODY AREA.
Page 36 and 37: T fine cracks D
Page 38 and 39: 'to J ~" FMAMJ ASONDJ ASONDJ FMAMJ
Page 41 and 42: 27 CH/\P A TAXONOMIC AND NOMENCI ..
Page 43 and 44: 29 (i) Hol,dfast The external morph
Page 45 and 46: 31 {c} The basic cellular arrangeme
Page 47 and 48: 3.1 J03 TYPIFICATION (1) DUX'viUaea
Page 49 and 50: 35 commanded on a scie:ntlfic voyag
Page 51 and 52: 37 recently as 1921 (Cockayne 1921)
Page 53 and 54: stipe (less than 5 em long) and a h
Page 55 and 56: 41 A TeD spccimclI annotated on the
Page 57 and 58: 43 cortex (Figs 3.3a and 3.4e). Oth
Page 59 and 60: 45 and states, "SaY'cophYCU8 simple
Page 61 and 62: 47 holdfast,
Page 63: 49 Table 3.1 Differences between Du
Page 67 and 68: 53 7 ~) (a) Stipitate lateral lamin
Page 69 and 70: (a) Laminaria po~oidea in the Lamou
Page 71: of D. Hook.fil. 1845. TCD .3 in (c)
Page 75: LAMINA SECTIONS OF HERBARIUM SPECIM
Page 79: =.at.:;;;.;;;:.,;;;;....:....;,., .
Page 83: (b) (c) (d) SECTIONS THROUGH THE ME
Page 86 and 87: II I J c d
Page 88 and 89: f end of lamina or differentiated m
Page 90 and 91: 66 that DurvilZaea extends several
Page 92 and 93: 613 numerous narrow channels. On th
Page 94 and 95: 70 from IVJLWS to a level between t
Page 96 and 97: 72 within 0,3-0.5 m of the band. Th
Page 98 and 99: 74 Some growing on crevices on the
Page 100 and 101: 76 level of stl/ards of D. ar/"l;ar
Page 102 and 103: 78
Page 104 and 105: 80 algae except for those in crevic
Page 106 and 107: 82 (d) Australia: D. potatoY'UflJ i
Page 108 and 109: 84 d~stribution at species, winter
Page 110 and 111: 86 several thousand miles. It is li
Page 112 and 113: 80 (cl D. antarctica extends no nor
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90 The most southern tip of South A
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92 islands. On Kerguelen and Crozet
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Figure 4.2. D. ANTARCTICA AT HEARD
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d e
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~I 50
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WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF DlIRVILLAl!:A
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Figure 4.6. DISTRIBUTION OF D. ANTA
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50 45 /" b WATER LOSS /0 EXPESSED A
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102 In almost all the composite hol
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104 confined to the merist.oderm, t
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106 longe:r.: than D. anta:.r'ctica
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108 This is not the only way that l
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110 (iii) Cape form (Figs.3.9a,b: 5
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of antarctica across a 9 Sa 8 7 10
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114 'rable 5,3 Measurements of D. a
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116 Subsequent reg~neration of shor
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118 at the entran.ce to l-'Iilford
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120 with increasing latitude. The i
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1mm
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t lOO,AU".
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30-60mins 2
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J I em IDem J ] 10 em ] IOcm 3-4 we
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f
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CJ) -0 I\) Q.. 60 50 Q 3 40 ~ ....
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Figure 5.9. CLIFF FACES AT TADTUKU.
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UNUSUAL STIPE FEATURES OF D. A GROW
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DEGREE OF LAMINA DIVIStON AND HONEY
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Figure 5.14. COMPARISONS OF SAMPLES
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135 CHAPTER SlX REPRODUCTION AND PH
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137 Hyphae invade the neck region o
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'I'he reproductive period of D. wil
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141 A large number of ova at 20°C
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143 released in each of the three s
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Figure 6.1. DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTA
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Figure 6.2. REPRODUCTIVE PERIODICIT
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147 CHAPTER SEVEN GROWTH AND MORTAL
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149 (i) Holes punched longitudinall
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4 lSI growth in the length for the
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153 Table 7.5 Frequency of D. antaY
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155 Holdfast diameter increB,sed at
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157 7.5 MORTJ.l.LITY (a) Mortality
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159 seasonal pattern simila~ to tha
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161 A similar of small plants there
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! 6.0~ 5.8 Total 5.6 Ie ngth 5.4 (
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120 100 E E ~ 8 c ~6 ~ +- (I) ..n I
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202 t 1 2 J1cm 3 11 1c
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A Perce:n increase in diameter x lO
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60 Percentage increase 40 in length
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70 60 Percentage increase 40 in len
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il10rease 20 ill rot!)1 length. r '
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mortality 3 .' ' A , ••••
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5 4 Percent mottality:1 per month h
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60 50 2 :3 Plant length (metras) 5
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175 total length closely resembled
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177 sampling error l , and to elimi
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179 of the shoreline; a procedure r
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Figure 8.1. SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF A
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Figure 8.2. size at different seaso
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F i2..ur e 8. 3 • SEASONAL VARIAT
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(a) STORM DAMAGE TO A D. WILLANA BE
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186 clumps of Pachyme~ia ZU8oria, G
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HIB (continued) Species sp. 5P, Zin
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190 On areas cleared during spring
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192 mlportant cause was probably pr
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194 recoLonis of D.anta .. cticc't
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196 (d) Numex~cal density: While st
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198 Although the standing crop of D
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200 however 1 the articulated coral
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SUCCESSION ON AREAS CLEARED IN SPRI
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Figure 9.2. GROWTH IN LENGTH OF REC
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ANTARCTICA: confidence limits. GRCW
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Figure 9.5. KAIKOURA. STIPE GROWTH
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Figure 9.7. STIPE GROWTH OF RECOLON
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Figure 9.9. change in the stipe pro
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Figure 9.12. CHAOOE IN S1 ZE DISTRI
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Figure 9.13. Growth of ~ua1l « 0.5
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Figure 9.14. EXPERIMENTAL REMOVAL O
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213 pathway of Du~vittaea sp. ALLOP
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215 'co d:tying conditions than D.
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217 appears to be gl:eatly influenc
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219 tide. From Bayle's Law 1 the bl
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221 buoyancy. A highly honeycombed
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223 of D. antaratiaa across 25° of
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22S Hasegawa (1962) and Kat ... ash
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5 ..· 7 years old. Some were still
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229 . or combinations of species, p
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231 Harvesters will not cut all sma
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233 10.10 THE RESOURCE RELATIVE TO
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235 10.11 SUMMARY (1) Four DurviZZa
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237 (17) The mean standing crop of
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TIME OF HARVES
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241 Batham, E.J, (1965). Rocky shor
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243 DaNson, E. Y. (1966). Marine bo
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Hooker, J.D. and Harvey, W.H. (1843
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247 Kuehnemann, O. (1970). Algunas
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249 Moore, L.B. and Cribb, A.S, (19
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251 Skottsberg, c. (1941). Communit
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253 Will. H. (1890). internationaZe
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255 APPENDIX ONE (CONTINUED) (b) DA
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257 APPENDIX TWO DIS'I'RteUTION REC
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259 APPENDI)( THREE DISTRIBUTIONAL
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261 APPFNDIX FOUR DRIFT RECORDS OF
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264 (i) Boil the dried kelp in a sa
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