A biological study of Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot and D ...

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54 several narrow whip-like thongs. The absence of any stipe or holdfast, and the fact that Lima is mentioned (when Lima is far north of the northern limit of D. anta:r'ctica in Chile) suggests that it was a drifting specbnen. LamouroWl: mistakenly believed that it wo"s the same as Le Gentile's "porra". No valid description of Laminaria porroidea was ever published. 3.6 CONCLUSIONS I :cecognise four species of Duroi llaea: D< potatorum (Labillardiere) Areschoug, D. antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot, D, willana Lindauer and a new species D. chathamica. Of eight other validly published species, one (D. simplex Suhr) is a misidentification of a North Atlantic laminarian; the other seven are synonyms of D. antarctica. There is insufficient evidence to retain either D. aaepeatipes (Montagne) Skottsberg I or D. hOY'veyi Hook.fil. as separate entities, because type material of both species is inseparable from D. antarctica. Most of the taxonomic and nomenclatural confusion has arisen when botanists described new species from young plants or fragments of solitary plants without being fully aware of the morphological plasticity of DurvilZaea species. ADDENDUM Since this chapter ~·Jas typed I have obtained infopnation from the Botanisches Institut und Botanischer Garten der Universi"tat at Kiel. There is type ma'terial of Halymenia inaurvata and Dux'viUea mastix in Suhr's herbarium. All specimens wCY.'e collected at Valparaiso, the type locality of both species. There are three specimens annotated Halymenia incuY'Vata Suhr, two being attached to the srune sheet. The solitary specimen (also annotated Du~viZZaea utilis Bory) is without i"ts holdfast. Details on the ba.ck of the sheet state -that it was collected in March 1836. The laxger of the other.: tHO specimens (collected 1837}is without both stipe and hold fast , The smaller (R), which I regard the holcitype, is complete and closely resembles Suhr's 1839 illustration of the species. Attached -to em adjoining sheet are two copies of Suhr's illustration and his handwritten description. The D. mastix material (on two sheets) is in ct file -togei:her with an adjoining sheet bearing the label, a copy of Sunr's 1841 illustration and matching rough sketches. The file is labelled "D, utilis Bory/D. mastix Suhr/ex Herb. Suhr/Vi::\lparaiso". It consists of a large piece of honeycollibed blade (identical to one of the 'major divisions of the D" mastix specimen illustrat8d) aod several nan::m'l honeycombed thongs" Ii:. matches the iso"type material at Lund, and is undoubted ly holotype material.
(a) Laminaria po~oidea in the Lamouroux herbarium at the Laboratoire de Biologie Ce11ulaire et de Botanique (Algologie), Universite de Cacn. (b) Holotype of Laminaria potatorum Labillardiere 1806 at the Herbarium Universitatis Florentinae. (c) Lectotype of Fueus antareticus Chamisso 1822. Plate VII in "Algues" by Adelbert de Chamisso in Choris, 1. (1822): Voyage pittoresque autour du monde .•. Part 1, Paris" (d) Lectotype of DurviLlaea harveyi Hook.fil. 1845. BM specimen (No.1 in the text).
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A BIOLOGICAL STODY OF AN'JlARCTICA
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j i "The seas: CCl1l1(2: running in
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v CHAPlEt( 7 8 9 10 t\ PPE ND ICES
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vii Fot' theil' effol"ts to obi;ain
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CHAPTER INTRODUCTION I acid and its
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1 CHAPTER TWO MATERIALS AND METHODS
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(c) Standing crop Nas measured as w
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7 the primary blade broke off. Furt
Page 17 and 18: 9 four sites: Areas 5b and 6b at 'f
Page 19 and 20: 1 t the rock surface. Area E (1 x 2
Page 21 and 22: 13 ____ ~ __ 2_._2 Scale of concept
Page 23 and 24: 15 added to the top of the tube. Th
Page 25 and 26: In addition, dai records of sea sta
Page 27 and 28: 19 The series of low ridges absorbs
Page 29: Figure 2.1. LOCATION OF PRINCIPAL S
Page 33: Figur.e 2.3. TAU'l'UKU STODY AREA.
Page 36 and 37: T fine cracks D
Page 38 and 39: 'to J ~" FMAMJ ASONDJ ASONDJ FMAMJ
Page 41 and 42: 27 CH/\P A TAXONOMIC AND NOMENCI ..
Page 43 and 44: 29 (i) Hol,dfast The external morph
Page 45 and 46: 31 {c} The basic cellular arrangeme
Page 47 and 48: 3.1 J03 TYPIFICATION (1) DUX'viUaea
Page 49 and 50: 35 commanded on a scie:ntlfic voyag
Page 51 and 52: 37 recently as 1921 (Cockayne 1921)
Page 53 and 54: stipe (less than 5 em long) and a h
Page 55 and 56: 41 A TeD spccimclI annotated on the
Page 57 and 58: 43 cortex (Figs 3.3a and 3.4e). Oth
Page 59 and 60: 45 and states, "SaY'cophYCU8 simple
Page 61 and 62: 47 holdfast,
Page 63 and 64: 49 Table 3.1 Differences between Du
Page 65 and 66: 51 General distribution: The Chatha
Page 67: 53 7 ~) (a) Stipitate lateral lamin
Page 71: of D. Hook.fil. 1845. TCD .3 in (c)
Page 75: LAMINA SECTIONS OF HERBARIUM SPECIM
Page 79: =.at.:;;;.;;;:.,;;;;....:....;,., .
Page 83: (b) (c) (d) SECTIONS THROUGH THE ME
Page 86 and 87: II I J c d
Page 88 and 89: f end of lamina or differentiated m
Page 90 and 91: 66 that DurvilZaea extends several
Page 92 and 93: 613 numerous narrow channels. On th
Page 94 and 95: 70 from IVJLWS to a level between t
Page 96 and 97: 72 within 0,3-0.5 m of the band. Th
Page 98 and 99: 74 Some growing on crevices on the
Page 100 and 101: 76 level of stl/ards of D. ar/"l;ar
Page 102 and 103: 78
Page 104 and 105: 80 algae except for those in crevic
Page 106 and 107: 82 (d) Australia: D. potatoY'UflJ i
Page 108 and 109: 84 d~stribution at species, winter
Page 110 and 111: 86 several thousand miles. It is li
Page 112 and 113: 80 (cl D. antarctica extends no nor
Page 114 and 115: 90 The most southern tip of South A
Page 116 and 117: 92 islands. On Kerguelen and Crozet
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Figure 4.2. D. ANTARCTICA AT HEARD
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d e
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~I 50
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WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF DlIRVILLAl!:A
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Figure 4.6. DISTRIBUTION OF D. ANTA
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50 45 /" b WATER LOSS /0 EXPESSED A
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102 In almost all the composite hol
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104 confined to the merist.oderm, t
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106 longe:r.: than D. anta:.r'ctica
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108 This is not the only way that l
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110 (iii) Cape form (Figs.3.9a,b: 5
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of antarctica across a 9 Sa 8 7 10
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114 'rable 5,3 Measurements of D. a
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116 Subsequent reg~neration of shor
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118 at the entran.ce to l-'Iilford
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120 with increasing latitude. The i
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1mm
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t lOO,AU".
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30-60mins 2
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J I em IDem J ] 10 em ] IOcm 3-4 we
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f
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CJ) -0 I\) Q.. 60 50 Q 3 40 ~ ....
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Figure 5.9. CLIFF FACES AT TADTUKU.
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UNUSUAL STIPE FEATURES OF D. A GROW
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DEGREE OF LAMINA DIVIStON AND HONEY
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Figure 5.14. COMPARISONS OF SAMPLES
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135 CHAPTER SlX REPRODUCTION AND PH
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137 Hyphae invade the neck region o
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'I'he reproductive period of D. wil
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141 A large number of ova at 20°C
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143 released in each of the three s
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Figure 6.1. DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTA
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Figure 6.2. REPRODUCTIVE PERIODICIT
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147 CHAPTER SEVEN GROWTH AND MORTAL
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149 (i) Holes punched longitudinall
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4 lSI growth in the length for the
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153 Table 7.5 Frequency of D. antaY
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155 Holdfast diameter increB,sed at
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157 7.5 MORTJ.l.LITY (a) Mortality
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159 seasonal pattern simila~ to tha
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161 A similar of small plants there
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! 6.0~ 5.8 Total 5.6 Ie ngth 5.4 (
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120 100 E E ~ 8 c ~6 ~ +- (I) ..n I
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202 t 1 2 J1cm 3 11 1c
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A Perce:n increase in diameter x lO
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60 Percentage increase 40 in length
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70 60 Percentage increase 40 in len
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il10rease 20 ill rot!)1 length. r '
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mortality 3 .' ' A , ••••
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5 4 Percent mottality:1 per month h
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60 50 2 :3 Plant length (metras) 5
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175 total length closely resembled
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177 sampling error l , and to elimi
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179 of the shoreline; a procedure r
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Figure 8.1. SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF A
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Figure 8.2. size at different seaso
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F i2..ur e 8. 3 • SEASONAL VARIAT
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(a) STORM DAMAGE TO A D. WILLANA BE
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186 clumps of Pachyme~ia ZU8oria, G
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HIB (continued) Species sp. 5P, Zin
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190 On areas cleared during spring
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192 mlportant cause was probably pr
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194 recoLonis of D.anta .. cticc't
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196 (d) Numex~cal density: While st
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198 Although the standing crop of D
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200 however 1 the articulated coral
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SUCCESSION ON AREAS CLEARED IN SPRI
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Figure 9.2. GROWTH IN LENGTH OF REC
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ANTARCTICA: confidence limits. GRCW
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Figure 9.5. KAIKOURA. STIPE GROWTH
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Figure 9.7. STIPE GROWTH OF RECOLON
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Figure 9.9. change in the stipe pro
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Figure 9.12. CHAOOE IN S1 ZE DISTRI
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Figure 9.13. Growth of ~ua1l « 0.5
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Figure 9.14. EXPERIMENTAL REMOVAL O
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213 pathway of Du~vittaea sp. ALLOP
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215 'co d:tying conditions than D.
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217 appears to be gl:eatly influenc
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219 tide. From Bayle's Law 1 the bl
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221 buoyancy. A highly honeycombed
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223 of D. antaratiaa across 25° of
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22S Hasegawa (1962) and Kat ... ash
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5 ..· 7 years old. Some were still
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229 . or combinations of species, p
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231 Harvesters will not cut all sma
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233 10.10 THE RESOURCE RELATIVE TO
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235 10.11 SUMMARY (1) Four DurviZZa
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237 (17) The mean standing crop of
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TIME OF HARVES
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241 Batham, E.J, (1965). Rocky shor
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243 DaNson, E. Y. (1966). Marine bo
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Hooker, J.D. and Harvey, W.H. (1843
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247 Kuehnemann, O. (1970). Algunas
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249 Moore, L.B. and Cribb, A.S, (19
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251 Skottsberg, c. (1941). Communit
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253 Will. H. (1890). internationaZe
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255 APPENDIX ONE (CONTINUED) (b) DA
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257 APPENDIX TWO DIS'I'RteUTION REC
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259 APPENDI)( THREE DISTRIBUTIONAL
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261 APPFNDIX FOUR DRIFT RECORDS OF
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264 (i) Boil the dried kelp in a sa
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