A biological study of Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot and D ...

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252 Suhr, J.N. von (1836), Beitrag ZUT algeru(unde. No.2. Flora vol. 19 (22): 337- 350, pIs 3-4 = lfigs 22-37J. (Regensburg). Suhr, J" N, von (1839). Bei trage zur algenkunde. No.3. Flora Vol. 22(5): 65-75. figs. 1-4. Suhr, J.N. von (1841), Beitrage zur algenkunde. Ve'f'handtungen des K. LeopoldiniBch-Carolinischen deutschen Akademie deY' Nat'IUfoY'seheY' VoL 18, Suppl. 1: 275-280 .. 3 pIs. Sundene, O. (1964). The ecology of Laminaria digitata in Norway in vie~1I of transplant experiments. Nytt Magasin for Botanik Vol. 11: 83-107. SV"ardson. G. (1949). Competition and habitat selection in birds. Gikas Vol. 1: 157-·174. Sverdrup, H.U., Johnson, M.W. and Fleming, R.a. (1942). The oceans~ their physics 9 chemistry and general biology, (Prentice Hall Inc.: New York) 1087 pp, 265 figs, 7 charts. Taylor, W.R. (1939). Algae collected by the Hassler, Albatross, and Schmitt Expeditions II. Marine algae from Uruguay, Argentina, the Falkland Islands, and the Strait of MD,gellan. PapeY's from the Miohigan Academy of sci~~cesJ Arts and Letters Vol. 24: 127-164, pls 1-7. (New York). Turner, D. (1819). Fuci sive pZanata:rum fucoY'Um gene1'i a botanicms adscriptum icones J description et historia. Vol. 4 (London). United states Oceanographic Office 1 (1948). World atlas of sea surface temperatures. 2nd Edn. U.S. Hydrographic Office Pubn. No. 225 (l!lashington). University of Auckland (1974). Maui development environmental study: Report on phase one. (University of Auckland). 136 pp. Walker, F.T. (1950). Sublittoral seaweed survey of the OrJmey Islands. The Journal of Ecology Vol.3B: 139-nS. Whitting, F.G. (1893). Sarcophycus potatorum Kuetz. In Murray, G. Ed. (1893). Notes on the morphology of the Fucaceae. Phycologioal Memoirs 2 Part II: 39-39, pl. XII (1-3). (London). WHce, R. T. (1965). Studies in the genus Lcrminaria 3. 1\ revision of the North Atlantic species of the simplices section of Laminaria. Botanik Gothoburg Vol. 3: 247-256. Fo:r:.mally Hydrographic Office: Navy Dept. 2 Often cited as Murray's Phycologiaal Memoirs.
253 Will. H. (1890). internationaZe Po Sud-Georgiens. Die deutschen EXpedition. VoL 2, • 9: 172-194 + map. (Hamburg) . Warners • H. B. S. The marine algae of Austr.alia. Z Vol. 25(4): 545-614, 2 Womeraley, H.B.S. and Edmonds, J. (1952). in southern Australia in relation to a non~¥ classification" 1 fig. Zaneve Idt, J. s. Marine coastal zonation scheme of of Eeo Vol" 40(1): 84-90, ). The Ii ttoral zona lion of some fucaceae in relation to desiccation. The Journal of Ecology Vol. 25: 431-468. Zinderen Bakker, E.M. van, Winterbottom, J.M. and (1971). Marion and Pr>ince Edward Is biologica2 , R.A. Eds. of the South 1965-66. (A.A. Balkema: Cape Town). xi + 427 pp. Zinova, A.D. (1966). Atlas of Antarctica. Soviet Geography Vol. 1 . 129 (left).
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A BIOLOGICAL STODY OF AN'JlARCTICA
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j i "The seas: CCl1l1(2: running in
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v CHAPlEt( 7 8 9 10 t\ PPE ND ICES
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vii Fot' theil' effol"ts to obi;ain
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CHAPTER INTRODUCTION I acid and its
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1 CHAPTER TWO MATERIALS AND METHODS
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(c) Standing crop Nas measured as w
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7 the primary blade broke off. Furt
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9 four sites: Areas 5b and 6b at 'f
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1 t the rock surface. Area E (1 x 2
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13 ____ ~ __ 2_._2 Scale of concept
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15 added to the top of the tube. Th
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In addition, dai records of sea sta
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19 The series of low ridges absorbs
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Figure 2.1. LOCATION OF PRINCIPAL S
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Figur.e 2.3. TAU'l'UKU STODY AREA.
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T fine cracks D
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'to J ~" FMAMJ ASONDJ ASONDJ FMAMJ
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27 CH/\P A TAXONOMIC AND NOMENCI ..
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29 (i) Hol,dfast The external morph
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31 {c} The basic cellular arrangeme
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3.1 J03 TYPIFICATION (1) DUX'viUaea
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35 commanded on a scie:ntlfic voyag
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37 recently as 1921 (Cockayne 1921)
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stipe (less than 5 em long) and a h
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41 A TeD spccimclI annotated on the
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43 cortex (Figs 3.3a and 3.4e). Oth
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45 and states, "SaY'cophYCU8 simple
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47 holdfast,
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49 Table 3.1 Differences between Du
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51 General distribution: The Chatha
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53 7 ~) (a) Stipitate lateral lamin
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(a) Laminaria po~oidea in the Lamou
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of D. Hook.fil. 1845. TCD .3 in (c)
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LAMINA SECTIONS OF HERBARIUM SPECIM
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=.at.:;;;.;;;:.,;;;;....:....;,., .
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(b) (c) (d) SECTIONS THROUGH THE ME
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II I J c d
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f end of lamina or differentiated m
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66 that DurvilZaea extends several
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613 numerous narrow channels. On th
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70 from IVJLWS to a level between t
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72 within 0,3-0.5 m of the band. Th
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74 Some growing on crevices on the
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76 level of stl/ards of D. ar/"l;ar
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78
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80 algae except for those in crevic
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82 (d) Australia: D. potatoY'UflJ i
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84 d~stribution at species, winter
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86 several thousand miles. It is li
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80 (cl D. antarctica extends no nor
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90 The most southern tip of South A
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92 islands. On Kerguelen and Crozet
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Figure 4.2. D. ANTARCTICA AT HEARD
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d e
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~I 50
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WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF DlIRVILLAl!:A
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Figure 4.6. DISTRIBUTION OF D. ANTA
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50 45 /" b WATER LOSS /0 EXPESSED A
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102 In almost all the composite hol
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104 confined to the merist.oderm, t
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106 longe:r.: than D. anta:.r'ctica
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108 This is not the only way that l
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110 (iii) Cape form (Figs.3.9a,b: 5
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of antarctica across a 9 Sa 8 7 10
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114 'rable 5,3 Measurements of D. a
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116 Subsequent reg~neration of shor
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118 at the entran.ce to l-'Iilford
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120 with increasing latitude. The i
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1mm
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t lOO,AU".
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30-60mins 2
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J I em IDem J ] 10 em ] IOcm 3-4 we
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f
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CJ) -0 I\) Q.. 60 50 Q 3 40 ~ ....
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Figure 5.9. CLIFF FACES AT TADTUKU.
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UNUSUAL STIPE FEATURES OF D. A GROW
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DEGREE OF LAMINA DIVIStON AND HONEY
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Figure 5.14. COMPARISONS OF SAMPLES
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135 CHAPTER SlX REPRODUCTION AND PH
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137 Hyphae invade the neck region o
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'I'he reproductive period of D. wil
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141 A large number of ova at 20°C
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143 released in each of the three s
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Figure 6.1. DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTA
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Figure 6.2. REPRODUCTIVE PERIODICIT
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147 CHAPTER SEVEN GROWTH AND MORTAL
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149 (i) Holes punched longitudinall
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4 lSI growth in the length for the
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153 Table 7.5 Frequency of D. antaY
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155 Holdfast diameter increB,sed at
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157 7.5 MORTJ.l.LITY (a) Mortality
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159 seasonal pattern simila~ to tha
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161 A similar of small plants there
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! 6.0~ 5.8 Total 5.6 Ie ngth 5.4 (
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120 100 E E ~ 8 c ~6 ~ +- (I) ..n I
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202 t 1 2 J1cm 3 11 1c
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A Perce:n increase in diameter x lO
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60 Percentage increase 40 in length
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70 60 Percentage increase 40 in len
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il10rease 20 ill rot!)1 length. r '
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mortality 3 .' ' A , ••••
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5 4 Percent mottality:1 per month h
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60 50 2 :3 Plant length (metras) 5
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175 total length closely resembled
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177 sampling error l , and to elimi
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179 of the shoreline; a procedure r
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Figure 8.1. SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF A
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Figure 8.2. size at different seaso
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F i2..ur e 8. 3 • SEASONAL VARIAT
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(a) STORM DAMAGE TO A D. WILLANA BE
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186 clumps of Pachyme~ia ZU8oria, G
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HIB (continued) Species sp. 5P, Zin
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190 On areas cleared during spring
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192 mlportant cause was probably pr
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194 recoLonis of D.anta .. cticc't
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196 (d) Numex~cal density: While st
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198 Although the standing crop of D
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200 however 1 the articulated coral
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SUCCESSION ON AREAS CLEARED IN SPRI
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Figure 9.2. GROWTH IN LENGTH OF REC
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ANTARCTICA: confidence limits. GRCW
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Figure 9.5. KAIKOURA. STIPE GROWTH
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Figure 9.7. STIPE GROWTH OF RECOLON
Page 269 and 270: Figure 9.9. change in the stipe pro
Page 271 and 272: Figure 9.12. CHAOOE IN S1 ZE DISTRI
Page 273 and 274: Figure 9.13. Growth of ~ua1l « 0.5
Page 275: Figure 9.14. EXPERIMENTAL REMOVAL O
Page 280 and 281: 213 pathway of Du~vittaea sp. ALLOP
Page 282 and 283: 215 'co d:tying conditions than D.
Page 284 and 285: 217 appears to be gl:eatly influenc
Page 286 and 287: 219 tide. From Bayle's Law 1 the bl
Page 288 and 289: 221 buoyancy. A highly honeycombed
Page 290 and 291: 223 of D. antaratiaa across 25° of
Page 292 and 293: 22S Hasegawa (1962) and Kat ... ash
Page 294 and 295: 5 ..· 7 years old. Some were still
Page 296 and 297: 229 . or combinations of species, p
Page 298 and 299: 231 Harvesters will not cut all sma
Page 300 and 301: 233 10.10 THE RESOURCE RELATIVE TO
Page 302 and 303: 235 10.11 SUMMARY (1) Four DurviZZa
Page 304 and 305: 237 (17) The mean standing crop of
Page 306: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TIME OF HARVES
Page 309 and 310: 241 Batham, E.J, (1965). Rocky shor
Page 311 and 312: 243 DaNson, E. Y. (1966). Marine bo
Page 313 and 314: Hooker, J.D. and Harvey, W.H. (1843
Page 315 and 316: 247 Kuehnemann, O. (1970). Algunas
Page 317 and 318: 249 Moore, L.B. and Cribb, A.S, (19
Page 319: 251 Skottsberg, c. (1941). Communit
Page 323 and 324: 255 APPENDIX ONE (CONTINUED) (b) DA
Page 325 and 326: 257 APPENDIX TWO DIS'I'RteUTION REC
Page 327 and 328: 259 APPENDI)( THREE DISTRIBUTIONAL
Page 329 and 330: 261 APPFNDIX FOUR DRIFT RECORDS OF
Page 332: 264 (i) Boil the dried kelp in a sa
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