A biological study of Durvillaea antarctica (Chamisso) Hariot and D ...

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244 Fritsch, F.E. (1959) 0 The st~otupe and reproduotion of the algae Vol. 2. (University Press: Cambridge) 939 pp. + 2 maps. Gain, L. (1912). La flora algologique des regions antarctiques et subantarctiques. In Charcot, J. (1912) Deuxieme Expedition Antarctique Francaise, 1908-1910. • (Paris) 218 pp., 96 figs, 5 pIs. Scienoe N(];{;u'J"(JUef3 Gaudichaud, C. (1826). Botanique. In Freycinet, L. (1826) Voyage autouY' dumonde,., SUP." L'Uranie et La Physicienne pendant 1817-20 Vol. 5 (Paris) vii + 522 pp. and atlas of 96 plates. Grena.ger, B. (1954). pi:;. Tustn&. 1952 og 1953. Seaweed Research Vol. 5: 33 p. Guiler, E.R. (1959). coasts of northern Chile. Kvantitative undersQ.J'kelser av t.areforekomster Report of the N01"Wegian Institute for Intertidal belt-forming species on the rocky Society of Tasmania Vol. 93: 33-58. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Hariot, M.P. (1889). Algues. Mission Boientifiqu~ de Cap Horn 1882-3 VoL 5 Botanique: 3-109, 9 pIs (Paris). Hariot, M.P. (1892). Complement a la flore algologique de la Terre de Feu. Notarieia Vol. 7: 1427-1435. Hasega\·,a, Y. (1962) 0 An ecological study of LaminaY'ia angustata Kjellman on the coast of Hidaka Provo, Hokkaido. Bulletin of the Hokkaido Regional FisheY'ies Researoh Laboratory No. 24: 116-38. Hay, C.H. (1971). Ecology of three seaweeds (Cystophora torulosa, C. sea laPis , C. congesta) on Kaikoura Peninsula shores. Unpublished 13. Se. (Hons.) Proj ect t Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand. 43 pp. Hay I C. H. and South I G. R. (1977). Some imp li ca. bons of field experiments on proposed commercial harvesting of Durvillea in New Zealand. Prooeedings of the Eighth International Seaweed Symposium Bangor. (Ed. by G.E. Fogg). (In press). Herriott., E.M. (1923). Some morphological notes on the New Zealand giant kelp DurrviUea antarc:tica (Chamisso) Harlot. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute Vol. 54: 549-564, 21 figs, 2 pIs. Holdgate, M.Wq Tilbrook, P.J. and Vaughan, R.N. (1968). British Antarotic Survey BuLZetin No. 15: 1-7. Holtedahl, O. Ed. (1935). Scientific results of the NOY'U)egian antarctic expeditions 1927-1928 et seq. instituted and financed by Council Lars Christensen Vol. 1 (Det Norske VidenskapslIJ
Hooker, J.D. and Harvey, W.H. (1843-45). Part 1: Flora of LOY'd Aucklands a:nd Campbell'3 I8lands. In Hooker, J.D. (1847) 0 The Potany of the Antarctic Voyage of HoM. Erebus and Terror in the years 1839-43. i-xiii, 1--208/ 80 pIs (1 map). (Reeves: London). DiscoveY'Y ships Flora AntaY'ctica r Hooj
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A BIOLOGICAL STODY OF AN'JlARCTICA
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j i "The seas: CCl1l1(2: running in
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v CHAPlEt( 7 8 9 10 t\ PPE ND ICES
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vii Fot' theil' effol"ts to obi;ain
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CHAPTER INTRODUCTION I acid and its
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1 CHAPTER TWO MATERIALS AND METHODS
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(c) Standing crop Nas measured as w
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7 the primary blade broke off. Furt
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9 four sites: Areas 5b and 6b at 'f
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1 t the rock surface. Area E (1 x 2
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13 ____ ~ __ 2_._2 Scale of concept
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15 added to the top of the tube. Th
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In addition, dai records of sea sta
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19 The series of low ridges absorbs
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Figure 2.1. LOCATION OF PRINCIPAL S
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Figur.e 2.3. TAU'l'UKU STODY AREA.
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T fine cracks D
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'to J ~" FMAMJ ASONDJ ASONDJ FMAMJ
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27 CH/\P A TAXONOMIC AND NOMENCI ..
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29 (i) Hol,dfast The external morph
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31 {c} The basic cellular arrangeme
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3.1 J03 TYPIFICATION (1) DUX'viUaea
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35 commanded on a scie:ntlfic voyag
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37 recently as 1921 (Cockayne 1921)
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stipe (less than 5 em long) and a h
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41 A TeD spccimclI annotated on the
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43 cortex (Figs 3.3a and 3.4e). Oth
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45 and states, "SaY'cophYCU8 simple
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47 holdfast,
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49 Table 3.1 Differences between Du
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51 General distribution: The Chatha
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53 7 ~) (a) Stipitate lateral lamin
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(a) Laminaria po~oidea in the Lamou
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of D. Hook.fil. 1845. TCD .3 in (c)
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LAMINA SECTIONS OF HERBARIUM SPECIM
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=.at.:;;;.;;;:.,;;;;....:....;,., .
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(b) (c) (d) SECTIONS THROUGH THE ME
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II I J c d
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f end of lamina or differentiated m
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66 that DurvilZaea extends several
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613 numerous narrow channels. On th
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70 from IVJLWS to a level between t
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72 within 0,3-0.5 m of the band. Th
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74 Some growing on crevices on the
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76 level of stl/ards of D. ar/"l;ar
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78
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80 algae except for those in crevic
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82 (d) Australia: D. potatoY'UflJ i
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84 d~stribution at species, winter
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86 several thousand miles. It is li
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80 (cl D. antarctica extends no nor
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90 The most southern tip of South A
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92 islands. On Kerguelen and Crozet
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Figure 4.2. D. ANTARCTICA AT HEARD
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d e
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~I 50
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WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF DlIRVILLAl!:A
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Figure 4.6. DISTRIBUTION OF D. ANTA
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50 45 /" b WATER LOSS /0 EXPESSED A
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102 In almost all the composite hol
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104 confined to the merist.oderm, t
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106 longe:r.: than D. anta:.r'ctica
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108 This is not the only way that l
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110 (iii) Cape form (Figs.3.9a,b: 5
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of antarctica across a 9 Sa 8 7 10
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114 'rable 5,3 Measurements of D. a
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116 Subsequent reg~neration of shor
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118 at the entran.ce to l-'Iilford
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120 with increasing latitude. The i
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1mm
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t lOO,AU".
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30-60mins 2
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J I em IDem J ] 10 em ] IOcm 3-4 we
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f
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CJ) -0 I\) Q.. 60 50 Q 3 40 ~ ....
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Figure 5.9. CLIFF FACES AT TADTUKU.
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UNUSUAL STIPE FEATURES OF D. A GROW
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DEGREE OF LAMINA DIVIStON AND HONEY
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Figure 5.14. COMPARISONS OF SAMPLES
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135 CHAPTER SlX REPRODUCTION AND PH
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137 Hyphae invade the neck region o
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'I'he reproductive period of D. wil
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141 A large number of ova at 20°C
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143 released in each of the three s
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Figure 6.1. DEVELOPMENT OF CONCEPTA
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Figure 6.2. REPRODUCTIVE PERIODICIT
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147 CHAPTER SEVEN GROWTH AND MORTAL
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149 (i) Holes punched longitudinall
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4 lSI growth in the length for the
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153 Table 7.5 Frequency of D. antaY
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155 Holdfast diameter increB,sed at
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157 7.5 MORTJ.l.LITY (a) Mortality
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159 seasonal pattern simila~ to tha
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161 A similar of small plants there
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! 6.0~ 5.8 Total 5.6 Ie ngth 5.4 (
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120 100 E E ~ 8 c ~6 ~ +- (I) ..n I
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202 t 1 2 J1cm 3 11 1c
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A Perce:n increase in diameter x lO
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60 Percentage increase 40 in length
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70 60 Percentage increase 40 in len
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il10rease 20 ill rot!)1 length. r '
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mortality 3 .' ' A , ••••
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5 4 Percent mottality:1 per month h
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60 50 2 :3 Plant length (metras) 5
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175 total length closely resembled
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177 sampling error l , and to elimi
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179 of the shoreline; a procedure r
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Figure 8.1. SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF A
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Figure 8.2. size at different seaso
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F i2..ur e 8. 3 • SEASONAL VARIAT
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(a) STORM DAMAGE TO A D. WILLANA BE
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186 clumps of Pachyme~ia ZU8oria, G
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HIB (continued) Species sp. 5P, Zin
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190 On areas cleared during spring
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192 mlportant cause was probably pr
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194 recoLonis of D.anta .. cticc't
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196 (d) Numex~cal density: While st
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198 Although the standing crop of D
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200 however 1 the articulated coral
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SUCCESSION ON AREAS CLEARED IN SPRI
Page 261 and 262: Figure 9.2. GROWTH IN LENGTH OF REC
Page 263 and 264: ANTARCTICA: confidence limits. GRCW
Page 265 and 266: Figure 9.5. KAIKOURA. STIPE GROWTH
Page 267 and 268: Figure 9.7. STIPE GROWTH OF RECOLON
Page 269 and 270: Figure 9.9. change in the stipe pro
Page 271 and 272: Figure 9.12. CHAOOE IN S1 ZE DISTRI
Page 273 and 274: Figure 9.13. Growth of ~ua1l « 0.5
Page 275: Figure 9.14. EXPERIMENTAL REMOVAL O
Page 280 and 281: 213 pathway of Du~vittaea sp. ALLOP
Page 282 and 283: 215 'co d:tying conditions than D.
Page 284 and 285: 217 appears to be gl:eatly influenc
Page 286 and 287: 219 tide. From Bayle's Law 1 the bl
Page 288 and 289: 221 buoyancy. A highly honeycombed
Page 290 and 291: 223 of D. antaratiaa across 25° of
Page 292 and 293: 22S Hasegawa (1962) and Kat ... ash
Page 294 and 295: 5 ..· 7 years old. Some were still
Page 296 and 297: 229 . or combinations of species, p
Page 298 and 299: 231 Harvesters will not cut all sma
Page 300 and 301: 233 10.10 THE RESOURCE RELATIVE TO
Page 302 and 303: 235 10.11 SUMMARY (1) Four DurviZZa
Page 304 and 305: 237 (17) The mean standing crop of
Page 306: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TIME OF HARVES
Page 309 and 310: 241 Batham, E.J, (1965). Rocky shor
Page 311: 243 DaNson, E. Y. (1966). Marine bo
Page 315 and 316: 247 Kuehnemann, O. (1970). Algunas
Page 317 and 318: 249 Moore, L.B. and Cribb, A.S, (19
Page 319 and 320: 251 Skottsberg, c. (1941). Communit
Page 321 and 322: 253 Will. H. (1890). internationaZe
Page 323 and 324: 255 APPENDIX ONE (CONTINUED) (b) DA
Page 325 and 326: 257 APPENDIX TWO DIS'I'RteUTION REC
Page 327 and 328: 259 APPENDI)( THREE DISTRIBUTIONAL
Page 329 and 330: 261 APPFNDIX FOUR DRIFT RECORDS OF
Page 332: 264 (i) Boil the dried kelp in a sa
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