Pronomen Abundans and Pronomen Coniunctum. A ... - DWC

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108 PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN CONIUNCTUM P. Mon. 104,14 (590 A.D.) ... ol"taç ... , 01) "ai 'fO äAAo fjflUIV àV~"êL , Ia"áJ{Jov. Kapsomenakis adds the following remark 407: "In dieser Zeit ist das Relativpronomen entweder erstarrt (01)) oder durch das Relativadverb onov ersetzt". 6.3. In early Modern Greek. It is not surprlsmg that we do not find many indications towards the weakening and extinction of the traditional relat. pronouns in the texts of the 5th, 6th and 7th centuries. Even in texts from a later period, when they were completely extinct in the living language, they are used correctly. Only in some "vulgar" texts of a later date (14th-15th century) some cases are found where they are used rather oddly. Here follow some examples. Chrono Mor. 7968-9 H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ó FVAtáfloÇ) lmáa'f'YJ elç 'fT]v IIeAayovtav "ai 1}'fOV elç 'fT]V IIÓAtv, l1.nee 'fOV l"eá'fet ó {JaatAiaç elç qroAa,,~v 'fOV ànéaw 408. Alex. rom. 43,14-5 ... evxaeta'fOVfleV 'fT]V lma'fOA~V aov onee fläç la'fêLAeç . . . Id. 51,17-9 "Hrpeeav "ai 'fO aTÉflflav 'fijç {3aatAtaaaç ..., ónov 1}'fOV TÉ'fOtaV TÉxv'YJ, (i drpf}aAflOÇ ov" elóev. 7.1. "Oç(nç) ~ onov. 7. CONCLUSIONS Since the beginning of the Koine the development of the relat. pronoun has proceeded along the following line: 1. the difference in meaning and function of 8ç and oanç vanishes, 2. the forms ol, a~ and 1} are replaced by olnveç, alnveç and fjnç 409, 3. although the relat. pronoun oç, fjnç, 8 is perfectly clear now and should not be problematic any longer, it is supplanted by onov. Why onov, arelat. adverb which had nothing in common with the relat. pronoun 1 7.1.1. Weakening of onov. During the same period the relat. adverb onov had gone through its own development. Gradually it was reduced to a mere connection (although at the same moment it kept its old local sense). This gradual change has been discussed in 3.1 etc. and 3.2 etc. 7.1.2. Weakening of oç(nç). This process of weakening becomes clear especially in the relat. connection. Sometimes one gets the impression that the relat. pronoun is not more than a connective. See I 1.5, 2.1.2.2, 2.3.2.1, point 3, 2.3.2.4 and III 5.4.2 and note 395. 407 KapBomenakiB, p. 99, note 2. 408 The MB Poffers TcWTav instead of llnee TÓV, the Ms T ö:rr;ov TÓV. For more exampleB Bee note 377. 40g See I 2.1.2.2.
PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN CONIUNCTUM 109 7.1.3. "Oç(Tlç) ~ onov. As the sense of the relat. pronoun had become weaker, onov, which meant as much or rather as little as oç(Tlç), was able to obtrude itself. This penetration must have begun in simple clauses, where onov gradually lost its local sense. This development has been described in 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 41 °. 7.2. Relative Pronoun + Pronomen Abundans ~ "Onov + Pronomen Coniunctum? 7.2.1. Does it appear ~n the texts? The texts do not give a decisive answer to the question whether this development took pI ace or not. One does not find examples of onov followed by a pronomen coniunctum in the texts of the 5th, 6th, or 7th centuries. This is the crucial period in which the two idioms (or should we speak of one and the same idiom 1) have met. If this meeting has not taken place in the texts, it must have happened within the spoken language. And here I touch the greatest problem of all, viz. th at the developments around onov have taken place not in the texts, but within the spoken language, and thus invisibly and unverifiably for us. 7.2.2. Did the pronomen abundans occur in colloquial speech? The texts of the period and before the period when onov came into use as arelat. pronoun do not offer many examples of the pronomen abundans, not such a quantity at least and not in that kind of texts (papyri, for instance) that it can be maintained with some certainty that the pronomen abundans frequently occurred in the spoken language. Only if that would be the case, could one say that people were so accustomed to use resumpt. pronouns in relat. clauses that they continued doing it, when onov came into use. 7.2.2.1. In Ancient Greek and the Koine. There are some reasons to suppose that the pronomen abundans occurred in the spoken language of the 5th and 4th centuries B.C. 411 . The classical authors used it very seldom. There are stronger arguments for its occurrence in colloquial speech during the Koine-period. Some of them have already been mentioned in I 2.6.2. And there are two more: 1. a considerable weakening of the relat. pronoun has actually taken place, 2. it appears that there is nothing against assuming that relat. connection is also used in colloquial speech 412. 7.2.2.2. The examples of the pronomen abundans found in the late Koine have been discussed in 2.1. The majority of them occur in hagiographic 410 Another argument supporting this theory is the fact that around the same time (5th-6th century) the pronomen abundans disappears from the texts. This must have been caused by an artificial revival of the traditional relat. pronoun, which may be considered as proof of its disappearance from the living language. See 7.3.1.1. 411 See I 1.7 and, especially, 2.6.1. 412 See 5.5.
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VERHANDELINGEN DER KONINKLIJKE NEDE
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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1. Definition
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PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN CONI
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PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN CONI
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10 PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN O
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12 PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN C
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14 PRONOMEM ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN C
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22 PRONOMEN AlIUNDANS AND PRONOMEN
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24 l'RONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN
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52 PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEM C
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Page 80 and 81: PART III BYZANTINE PERIOD 1. INTROD
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Page 116 and 117: LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A. TEXTS Achi
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