Pronomen Abundans and Pronomen Coniunctum. A ... - DWC

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32 PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN CONIUNCTUM rpave(!O-JI -rOV-rO èyéve-ro lässt sich nicht als Anakolouth auffassen. Es handelt sich vielmehr urn einen Vulgarismus, der damit zusammenhängt, dass die alten Relative dem Schreiber nicht mehr ganz geläufig sind; er kennt sie zwar aus der Kanzleisprache, hat aber kein rechtes Verständniss für Sinn und Funktion derselben" . It is a fact, indeed, that in both papyri the relat. pronoun öne(! is used, a pronoun which was in the course of disappearing 90 and which, if it occurs, has a literary colour 91 and in most cases is used with the sense of öç 92. In B.G.U. I 330 the determinating function of önee has apparently not been understood: otherwise the determ. pronoun av-rà would have been omitted. Tabachovitz goes even further: with reference to the pronomen abundans in the Koine he observes 93: " ••. Ie pronom relatif était en train de perdre sa pleine valeur pour devenir de plus en plus une simple particule de liaison", mentioning as evidence for this statement the same P. Amh. 11 77,25 ff. The same has been suggested by us in 2.l.2.2 and 2.3.2.l. Although we do not have enough evidence to prove this suggestion of Tabachovitz, we have to keep it in mind, especially because the Koine-texts offer us too many examples which cannot be explained in another way 94. His supposition becomes even more plausible, if we remind ourselves of an example discussed in 2.2.3.5: P. Ryl. 154,13. When the first sentence d.iv yehoveç -rov-rwv ... is compared with the second one, yehoveç tJÈ -rov-rwv, what eIsa is d.iv than a mere connective1 2.3.3. Pronomen abundans In the chapter on Ancient Greek (l.6) we have decided that, as far as the examples in Ancient Greek are concerned, the term "pronomen abundans" is wrong. We did so, because in those cases this pronoun is not at all redundant, but has a definite function. In the Koine it is a different matter. We have tried to explain the instances taken, for instance, from Polybius, but we could do that only by pointing to the profuse character of his style. In such a case the term pronomen abundans is appropriate, I think. If, however, we look at the later examples, being aware of the possible weakening of the relat. pronoun, we cannot say that the pers. or demonstr. pronoun is pleonastic. In such oases a "pronomen abundans" has a definite function, viz. reinforcing the relat. pronoun, which has been reduced to a mere connective. If it is necessary to speak of a pronomen abundans, it is not the pers. or demonstr. pronoun, but rather the relat. pronoun: it only serves as a means of connecting two principal sentences. 90 The NT offers only a few instanees: Blass-Debrunner, §§ 64,3 and 293,4. 91 See Rydbeck, p. 115. 92 See Arnim, p. 105, Reinhardt, pp. 121 and 150, and Cadbury, p. 157. 93 Tabachovitz, Études, p. 14. See also Jannaris, § 1439. 94 Tabachovitz even makes his suggestion in reference to an example which, according to our opinion, could be explained in another way!
PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN CONIUNCTUM 33 2.4. Is the Pronomen Abundans a Semitism? Although it is a well-known fact that the LXX and the NT are full of examples of the pronomen abundans, no instance from these texts has been discussed until now. This has been done on purpose 95: it has always been a problem whether this idiom belonged to the Greek language or should be viewed as proof of the great influence of Hebrew and Aramaic upon the language used in the LXX and the NT. 2.4.l. Introduction 96 The LXX is a translation of Hebrew texts, and the roots of the NT are embedded in Semitic soil. It is understandable, therefore, that scholars started collecting Semitisms from these texts. Everything that deviated from the rules of Classical Greek was interpreted as a Semitism. This also happened to the pronomen abundans. Neither Hebrew nor Aramaic have the disposal of arelat. pronoun: both languages make use of an indeclinable word, which is called the nota relationis. In Hebrew this word is 'as~r, in Aramaic d~. Needless to say that such a nota relationis, which may express any relation, is of ten not clear enough. For this reason the Semitic languages used to clarify this word by means of a pers. or demonstr. pronoun. And thus it happened that many scholars, seeing that the strange idiom of the pronomen abundans in the LXX and the NT was almost similar to the Semitic use, called it a Semitism 97. When, through investigations in the masses of papyri which were found in Egypt, it was discovered that many idioms which until then had been regarded as being Semitisms could be proved to belong to the Greek Koine, the opposite happened. There were many scholars who completely denied the existence of any Semitisms and explained, for instance, the pronomen abundans as an idiom belonging to the spoken language 98. Others again did not go that far, but pointed out that the occurrence of a resumptive pronoun in both languages was a coincidence 99. And even now it is still customary for scholars of the Semitic languages to point out as many Semitisms as possible in the LXX and the NT, whereas the scholars of Greek do their best to deny it. Usually the two groups find each other in the compromise that the pronomen abundans 95 See 2.1.2 and 2.2. 96 For a more extensive introduction into the notion of Semitism see Thumb, HeU., pp. 120 ff., Moulton, Proleg., pp. 94 ff., Costas, pp. 33 ff., Blass-Debrunner, § 4, Beyer, pp. 7 ff. and Black, p. 1 ff. 97 See Winer-Schmiedel, p. 200, Jannaris, § 1439, Wolf, p. 13, Swete, p. 307 and Burney, pp. 84-5. 98 See Compernass, p. 10, Helbing, p. IV, Radermacher, Wiener St. 31, pp. 4-5, Radermacher, Gramm., p. 217, Ljungvik, Stud., pp. 27-8 and Linnér, p. 83. 99 See Thumb, HeU., p. 128, Moulton, Proleg., pp. 94-5, 237, Pernot, pp. 152-3, 155, 157, 161, Blass-Debrunner, § 297 and Turner, p. 325.
Page 1 and 2: VERHANDELINGEN DER KONINKLIJKE NEDE
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1. Definition
Page 5 and 6: PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN CONI
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Page 22 and 23: 22 PRONOMEN AlIUNDANS AND PRONOMEN
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92 PRONOMEM ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN C
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94 PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEM C
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98 PRONOMEN ABUNDAN8 AND PRONOMEN C
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100 PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A. TEXTS Achi
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