Pronomen Abundans and Pronomen Coniunctum. A ... - DWC

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12 PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN CONIUNCTUM states that this idiom originated from anacoluthon. Blass-Debrunner express themselves more explicitly 5: they speak of a case of negligence ("eine Nachlässigkeit") and a little later suggest that this idiom would be something offensive. It is Tabachovitz 6 who combines all the previous statements: "Es ist dies im klassischen Griechisch eine N achlässigkeit, die einem Anakoluth sehr nahekommt: durch die Länge des Satzes ist die volle Kraft des Relativpronomens abgeschwächt worden und verlangt nach Verdeutlichung, was zur grammatischen Unregelmässigkeit führt". Later we shall find occasion to discuss the previous statements. One remark, however, should be made on the explanation given by Kühner Gerth : if it is correct, why do we not find more examples of this idiom 1 I do not think that anybody ever has made a count of all the relat. clauses which are interrupted by another clause or are long just by themselves. There must be many of them though! Yet we find only 3 or 4 examples of a resumptive pers. or demonstr. pronoun 7! What caused the authors to think that in all the other cases such a pronoun was not necessary 1 Were they not always interested in being clear 1 And there is something else. One does find other examples, not mentioned by Kühner-Gerth, where the distance between the relat. pronoun and the resumptive pronoun is not great at all! 1.2. Some more examples Soph., Trach. 132 ff. flÉ:vet yCte oV'Z" aló),a vv~ (JeoToïatv oVTe "ijeeç OVTe n),ovToç, à),),' äfPae {Jé{Ja"e, 7:('(> t/ lniexe-rat xateew Te "ai aTÉeeaOm. ä "ai ai Tàv ävaaaav lhtatv Uyw Tá
PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN CONIUNCTUM 13 Hyperid., Euxen. 3 div OV~8f1,{a ~~Jtov 'HOV aiTteov TOVTWV "OLVWVÛ 'HP ûcrayyeÀn"ip VÓpqJ. It is perfectly clear that in these examples the authors do not use a resumptive pronoun for the sake of clearness. They must have had another reason. The actual reason is, I think, that they want to refer to the antecedent with great emphasis. This is very obvious, for instance, in Ar., Av. 1237: "It is to them, then, that we ought to sacrifice, and not, by Jove, to Jove!" A similar emphasis may be present in two examples quoted by Kühner-Gerth, PI., Phaedo 99B and Eur., Phoen. 1595 ff. 1.3. Common characteristics When all the examples which have been discussed until now are put next to each other, it appears that they all have one characteristic in common: in each case the relat. clause is nonessential (nonrestrictive), i.e. the clause is not essential to the meaning of the sentence, but merely adds an idea. Such a clause does not determine the antecedent, but is almost independent. But again the same question arises: if the pronomen abundans occurs only in nonessential clauses, why do we not find more examples 1 The texts are full of such clauses, especially the texts of the classic period, with their long periods and intricate syntax. 1.4. Relative connection A Greek, however, did not think according to a pattern like "well, this is a nonessential clause, so now I may use the pronomen abundans". We should approach this problem in an altogether different way. A nonessential (or independent) relat. clause + resumpt. pronoun may originate in two ways: 1. the speakerjwriter wishes to grant a certain independence to arelat. clause and adds, therefore, a resumpt. pronoun, 2. he wants to include a principal sentence in a broader context and puts, therefore, arelat. pronoun in front of it. This is what usually is called relative connection ("relativer Anschluss'~) . Taking a closer look at our examples, we discover that they all are cases of relat. connection. There are two seeming exceptions: Hdt. IV 44,1 and Ar., Av. 1236-7. The fust of these is a parenthesis, i.e. an independent sentence in the mid of another sentence. Thus the only difference with arelat. connection is that there the relat. clause follows the sentence to which it is linked. A parenthesis, therefore, introduced by arelat. pronoun may be regarded as being a case ofrelat. connection. In the second example the relat. clause may certainly be viewed as a principal sentence which is connected with the preceding sentence by means of relat. connection. It is not important, I think, that the editors punctuate with a comma instead of a semi-colon or a period, the usual punctuation-marks in case of relat. connection.
Page 1 and 2: VERHANDELINGEN DER KONINKLIJKE NEDE
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1. Definition
Page 5 and 6: PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN CONI
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Page 10 and 11: 10 PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN O
Page 14 and 15: 14 PRONOMEM ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN C
Page 16 and 17: 16 PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN C
Page 22 and 23: 22 PRONOMEN AlIUNDANS AND PRONOMEN
Page 24 and 25: 24 l'RONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN
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62 PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN C
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64 PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN O
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PART III BYZANTINE PERIOD 1. INTROD
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92 PRONOMEM ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN C
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94 PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEM C
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98 PRONOMEN ABUNDAN8 AND PRONOMEN C
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100 PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A. TEXTS Achi
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