Pronomen Abundans and Pronomen Coniunctum. A ... - DWC

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14 PRONOMEM ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN CONIUNCTUM Each case where a pronomen abundans occurs is an independent principal sentence connected with the preceding sentence by means of arelat. pronoun 8 . This is why not every independent relat. clause contains a resumpt. pronoun. This idiom does not have the relat. clause as its startingpoint, but the independent principal sentence! Thus one reason why not many cases of the pronomen abundans do occur is that it is used only in cases ofrelat. connection. And it is a well-known fact that this construction does not occur very of ten in Ancient Greek texts 9 . Kühner-Gerth obviously did not choose the right spot for inserting this idiom in their grammar. The spot they chose is a note following the paragraph in which is treated the phenomenon of two relat. clauses of which the second is not introduced by arelat. pronoun, but by a demonstr. or pers. pronoun. It would have been more to the point, I think, ifthey had inserted the pronomen abundans in a note af ter the paragraph on relat. connection. 1.5. Anaphoric or relative sense ot the relative pronoun Originally the relat. pronoun had an anaphoric sense lO • When we take a look at what Kühner-Gerth say about the phenomenon of relat. connection, we see something similar 11: "Das Relativpronomen dient .. . auch zur Anknüpfung solcher Sätze, welche eigentlich als beigeordnete Hauptsätze hätten ausgedrückt werden sollen. Das Relativpronomen vertritt dann die Stelle eines Demonstrativ- oder Personalpronomens in Verbindung mit éinem Bindeworte, wie xat, à.V.á od. M, rele, oVV, äea . ..". This is an opportunity, I think, to discuss an example quoted by Kühner-Gerth 12, which may be regarded as the most ancient instance of a pronomen abundans . Hom. r 3-5 ~v-re nee x).arrT] reeávwv né)'u oveav6(h ne6, al 't" Ènet oVV XUI,Uvva !pVrov xal àOé(J(pa't'ov oplJeov, x).arrfi 't' a t re nÉ't'ov't'at Èn' 'Qxeavo io éoáwv . .. This example is mentioned . by them in a series of instances where a substantive or substantive pronoun at the beginning of the sentence is repeated by a demonstr. or pers. pronoun later. In doing so they seem to imply that the relat. pronoun al must be regarded as still having its old anaphoric function. And they are right. The comparison, as it is standing 8 It is obvious now that the demonstr. pronoun T,p,«5e in Eur., I.A. 155-6 cannot be a pronomen abundans : 1. it does not refer to the antecedent, but has its usua1 demonstrative function (see note 3), 2. the relat. c1ause has nothing to do with re1o.t. connection, is not even independent, but is a normal essentio.1 c1o.use. This o.1so o.pp1ies to the other instances mentioned in the same note. 8 See Kühner-Gerth Il, pp. 434-6. 10 See Kühner-Gerth Il, p. 226 o.nd Robertson, p. 953. 11 Kühner-Gerth Il, p. 434. 12 Kühner-Gerth I, p. 660.
PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN CONIUNCTUM 15 here, is made almost entirely independent and reminds one very much of arelat. connection (in the form of a parenthesis) 13. In the times of Homer the relat. pronoun still had its anaphoric force 14, but since then this force has diminished. In the Greek of the 5th and 4th centuries B.C. the relat. pronoun has a more relative than anaphoric force. This is also proved by the low number of relat. connection-constructions. It is in this construction that the relat. pronoun has kept some of its old anaphoric sense. 1.6. The function of the pronomen abundans The Greek language had many ways of connecting principal sentences : it could make use of a paratactical construction with 'Xat, of asyndeton, it had at its disposal a whole series of connective particles. But a Greek could also conneet his sentences by means of relat. connection. He did not do so very of ten, but even less of ten did he use arelat. connection + resumptive pronoun. What was he ab Ie to express by relat. connection ? He pointed out that there was arelation between two sentences, while he left it to the reader (hearer) to understand what kind of connection was implied ('Xat, à)')'á, bÉ, yáe, ow, (J.ea: see the definition of Kühner-Gerth, quoted in 1.5). If, however, he wanted to point out the object or person or whatever it may be (the antecedent) in the preceding sentence more clearly, then he must have feIt that the anaphoric force of the relat. pronoun was not strong enough and reinforeed it by means of a pronomen abundans. This reminds one of something Kühner-Gerth say in a different (but not altogether different) context 15: "Hingegen haben die Personalpronomen und die Demonstrativpronomen ovroç und avrdç sehr häufig au eh zurückweisende Kraft, indem in demselben Satze nach einem vorausgegangenen Substantive oder Substantivpronomen teils der Deutlichkeit wegen, z.B. wenn zwischen dasselbe und das dazu gehörige Verb ein längerer Zwischensatz getreten ist, teils des rhetorischen Nachdrucks wegen ein solches Pronomen gesetzt wird, welches das vorausgegangene Substantiv oder Substantivpronomen noch einmal aufnimmt und entweder wieder ins Gedächtnis ruft oder Nachdrucksvoll der Aufmerksamkeit vorhält". Exactly the same is done by the so-called pronomen abundans, and for the same reasons: see l.1 and l.2. And we better caU the resumptive pronoun the so-called pronomen abundans henceforward, as it is clear now that it is not pleonastic at all, as it has a very definite function in the sentence. 1.7. Pronomen abundans and the spoken language Until now we have spoken only about its use in literary Greek. About colloquial speech of, let us say, the 5th and 4th centuries B.C. in Athens 13 Cf. Kühner-Gerth 11, p. 434, Anm. 4. 14 See note 10. 15 Kühner-Gerth I, p. 660.
Page 1 and 2: VERHANDELINGEN DER KONINKLIJKE NEDE
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1. Definition
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64 PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN O
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66 PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN C
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PART III BYZANTINE PERIOD 1. INTROD
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92 PRONOMEM ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN C
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94 PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEM C
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98 PRONOMEN ABUNDAN8 AND PRONOMEN C
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100 PRONOMEN ABUNDANS AND PRONOMEN
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS A. TEXTS Achi
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