School of Engineering and Science - Jacobs University

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Appendix 1 continued. Data in mg/kg. JDo-1 JMn-1 BHVO-2 Garbe- Govindaraju Imai Dulski Yamamoto this this Terashima Imai Dulski this Plumlee Huang Willbold Shafer Schramm Ryder Polat this Schönberg (1994) et al. (2001) (2004) study study et al. et al. (2001) study (1998) and Frey and et al. et al. (2006) et al. study (1993) (1996) HF-HClO4 carbonate 4 (1995) (1999) (2003) Jochum (2005) (2005) (2006) (2005) method 1 ICPMS compiled compiled ICPMS ICPMS ref. avg. 2 %RSD JUB avg. 3 %RSD JUB avg. 3 %RSD ICPMS compiled ICPMS ref. avg. %RSD JUB avg. %RSD compiled ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ICPMS ref. avg. %RSD JUB avg. %RSD HF-HClO4 (n=5) (n=7) (n=4) (n=7) Sc 0.5 0.14 0.136 0.259 66.0 0.195 23.7 0.265 6.8 13 13 10.1 12.7 32 38 30.1 32 33.0 9.0 30.9 7.4 Ti 7.97 7.97 8.80 10.1 2.10 8.9 6360 6360 5160 10.5 16300 16300 12700 15.3 Co 0.3 0.168 0.234 28.2 1.46* 29.6 0.689* 16.9 1692 1732 1712 1.2 1080 5.9 45 56.2 41 45.7 42 46.0 11.8 44.3 6.0 Ni 2.9 2.9 2.9 0.0 11.1* 2.8 3.04 5.9 12552 12632 12592 0.3 7770 12.1 119 137 107 115 115 119 8.4 124 19.3 Rb 1.5 0.14 0.82 82.9 0.0940 9.1 0.0434 25.0 11.04 10.9 11.6 11.18 2.7 9.99 3.1 9.8 9.48 8.56 10.1 8.71 9.77 8.69 9.30 6.3 9.42 5.6 Sr 108 119 116 117 115 3.6 117 5.7 113 2.6 737 792 800 776 3.6 653 5.5 389 399 394 407 389 396 368 392 2.9 379 4.3 Y 8.9 11.2 10.3 10.4 10.2 8.1 10.6 3.3 11.0 3.0 106.49 111 114 110.50 2.8 95.1 2.5 26 28.3 29 25.8 23.2 28 23 26.2 8.5 24.3 2.6 Zr 0.4 6.21 0.56 2.39 113.1 0.567 1.4 0.237 12.8 350 344 392 362 5.9 318 2.9 172 178 172 174 168 181 158 172 4.0 168 4.9 Nb 0.2 0.2 0.253 40.6 0.0072 12.5 27.42 22.3 24.86 10.3 24.1 10.2 18 19 18.9 19.2 16.6 15.8 15 17.5 9.0 17.5 4.5 Mo 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.291 7.5 0.282 34.3 316 318 317 0.3 268 2.0 4 3.94 3.97 0.8 4.58 14.9 Cs 0.019 0.019 0.0072 8.8 0.0030 19.8 0.41 0.604 0.37 0.461 22.2 0.324 3.8 0.1 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.09 0.10 8.9 0.0954 4.6 Ba 24 6.14 7 12.4 66.4 6.26 19.1 5.54 2.5 1702 1714 1511 1642 5.7 1450 2.9 130 135 131 142 129 133 125 132 3.8 128 3.4 La 7.1 7.87 7.93 7.7 7.56 7.63 3.9 7.75 3.7 7.84 2.8 124.88 122 121 122.63 1.3 109 2.6 15 15.2 15.3 15.5 14.5 15.3 14.23 15.00 2.9 14.8 2.8 Ce 1.85 2.54 2.49 2.02 2.06 2.19 12.5 2.07 3.4 2.12 2.3 286 277 271 278 2.2 274 19.4 38 38.4 37.6 38.4 35.3 37.5 35.73 37.28 3.1 36.8 3.1 Pr 0.97 0.9 0.956 1.05 0.986 0.972 5.0 1.01 3.9 1.02 2.5 29.72 31.4 32 31.04 3.1 28.3 3.7 5.35 5.57 5.31 5.72 5.1 5.39 4.96 5.34 4.5 5.18 2.9 Nd 4 5.33 5.25 4.09 4.21 4.58 12.8 4.18 3.6 4.25 2.4 127.88 137 123 129.29 4.5 118 3.1 25 24.9 24.5 24.8 23.4 24.6 22.8 24.3 3.2 24.0 3.6 Sm 0.73 0.84 0.788 0.68 0.686 0.745 8.2 0.708 2.9 0.712 2.7 29.25 30.2 27 28.82 4.7 26.7 3.6 6.2 6.16 6.04 5.99 5.9 6.12 5.69 6.01 2.7 5.96 3.1 Eu 0.15 0.19 0.176 0.162 0.154 0.166 8.9 0.159 4.0 0.161 3.0 7.26 7.58 7.53 7.46 1.9 6.60 2.0 2.07 2.03 2.05 2.07 1.96 2.07 1.96 2.03 2.3 2.03 3.2 Gd 0.87 0.87 0.9 0.872 0.878 1.4 0.910 4.1 0.904 3.5 26.05 29.8 32.1 29.32 8.5 27.8 0.5 6.3 6.13 6.23 6.48 5.9 6.32 6.13 6.21 2.7 6.11 2.1 Tb 0.12 0.12 0.116 0.12 0.113 0.118 2.4 0.121 3.9 0.121 3.3 4.42 4.81 4.92 4.72 4.5 4.27 1.6 0.9 0.963 0.933 0.9 0.9 0.959 0.89 0.921 3.1 0.908 2.9 Dy 0.71 1 0.814 0.75 0.747 0.804 12.9 0.754 3.6 0.755 3.4 25.65 28.3 28.6 27.52 4.8 25.3 2.1 5.31 5.3 5.29 5.25 5.2 5.34 5.07 5.25 1.6 5.18 3.0 Ho 0.17 0.2 0.164 0.167 0.164 0.173 7.9 0.168 3.9 0.168 3.6 5.49 5.76 5.58 5.61 2.0 4.93 2.4 1.04 1.01 0.964 1.03 0.95 1.01 0.93 0.991 4.0 0.960 2.5 Er 0.44 0.44 0.46 0.462 0.451 2.3 0.466 3.0 0.465 3.2 13.26 14.6 15.6 14.49 6.6 13.8 1.8 2.54 2.5 2.49 2.49 2.4 2.53 2.39 2.48 2.2 2.49 2.6 Tm 0.06 0.06 0.058 0.056 0.055 0.058 3.5 0.0550 3.8 0.0550 3.9 2.04 2.14 2.21 2.13 3.3 1.94 2.1 0.33 0.35 0.321 0.34 0.32 0.34 0.31 0.330 3.9 0.316 3.0 Yb 0.29 0.36 0.323 0.305 0.303 0.316 7.7 0.301 3.3 0.297 3.5 12.86 13.8 14.4 13.69 4.6 12.5 2.4 2 2.05 1.95 2.01 1.91 2.03 1.84 1.97 3.5 1.90 2.7 Lu 0.05 0.05 0.0494 0.043 0.042 0.0469 7.7 0.0426 4.2 0.0427 3.9 2.06 2.07 2.16 2.10 2.1 1.91 3.1 0.28 0.286 0.269 0.28 0.26 0.278 0.25 0.272 4.4 0.272 3.1 Hf 0.12 0.1 0.0897 0.1032 12.2 0.0148 5.9 0.0053 16.7 6.1 6.23 6.4 6.24 2.0 5.59 4.3 4.1 4.42 4.2 4.58 4.4 4.38 4.35 3.6 4.27 4.7 Ta 0.009 0.009 0.0137 75.1 0.0010 0.0 0.68 0.635 0.658 3.4 0.485 10.6 1.4 1.22 1.08 1.23 1.09 0.686 0.92 1.089 19.8 1.06 6.7 W 0.26 0.26 0.276 13.5 0.248 17.5 37.49 45.3 41.40 9.4 34.7 7.5 0.21 0.29 0.25 16.0 0.228 6.7 Pb 0.5 1 0.19 0.77 0.62 49.2 0.450 4.4 0.352 23.7 444 430 434 436 1.4 360 4.3 1.6 1.53 1.8 1.22 1.58 2.89 1.58 1.74 28.4 1.63 9.2 Th 0.04 0.0429 0.0415 3.5 0.0556 3.3 0.0521 6.1 11.93 11.7 13 12.21 4.6 10.2 3.9 1.2 1.3 1.13 1.32 1.2 1.22 1.53 1.27 9.5 1.23 4.7 U 0.8 0.858 0.88 0.846 4.0 1.03 3.9 0.987 6.1 4.81 5.01 5.3 5.04 4.0 4.32 3.2 0.403 0.446 0.403 0.45 0.42 0.425 0.4 0.421 4.6 0.430 3.4 1 data sources, whether compiled from studies or from single analytical method, and arranged in chronologically. 2 reference average reported to number of significant digits observed in most precisely measured data from literature sources. 3 JUB average calculated from number of sample decompositions reported in Table 1 and reported to three significant digits only for illustrative purposes (see Section 5 regarding analytical precision), with exception of some elements for JDo-1 carbonate decomposition method. 4 data for JDo-1 includes measured concentrations as determined using both the HF-HClO 4 and carbonate (HNO 3 ) sample decomposition methods (see Fig. 1). Note that Ni data for carbonate decomposition solely determined from the 62 Ni isotope. * values greater than reference average considered to include significant contributions from interfering molecular species, arising from high major element contents (Mg, Al, Ca, Mn, Fe). 63
Appendix 2. Interferences due to major elements Appendix 2 contains figures illustrating significant molecular interferences for atomic masses
Page 1:
Iron sedimentation and the neodymiu
Page 4 and 5:
The process(es) by which IFs were d
Page 7:
This thesis represents original and
Page 10 and 11:
viii
Page 12 and 13:
goal of the research is to discern
Page 14 and 15:
Figure 1. Map of southern Africa sh
Page 16 and 17:
appropriate to briefly discuss: 1)
Page 18 and 19:
100 10 MORB 1 0.1 raw data (mg/kg)
Page 20 and 21:
10 -2 hydrothermal fluid 10 -3 10 -
Page 22 and 23:
seawater and returned to the sedime
Page 24 and 25:
100 MCO + 3 + M(CO 3 )- 2 rare eart
Page 26 and 27:
net effect of carbonate complexatio
Page 28 and 29:
feature was not recognized in early
Page 30 and 31:
sound geochemical basis for anomalo
Page 32 and 33:
deviation of the 143 Nd/ 144 Nd rat
Page 34 and 35:
available, it should be possible to
Page 36 and 37:
modern and Archean oceans, as well
Page 38 and 39:
Bau M., Möller P., and Dulski P. (
Page 40 and 41:
Elderfield H. and Greaves M.J. (198
Page 42 and 43:
Haley B.A., Klinkhammer G.P. (2003)
Page 44 and 45:
Lee J.H. and Byrne R.H. (1993) Comp
Page 46 and 47:
Piepgras D.J. and Wasserburg G.J. (
Page 48 and 49:
Tosiani T., Loubet M., Viers J., Va
Page 50 and 51:
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Page 52 and 53:
Abstract The benefits of inductivel
Page 54 and 55:
List of Figures Figure 1. Sample de
Page 56 and 57:
1. Introduction The advent of induc
Page 58 and 59:
Figure 1. Flow-chart diagram of the
Page 60 and 61:
during decomposition (SiF 4 and CO
Page 62 and 63:
Fractionation between the three iso
Page 64 and 65:
cps, then 3000 cps must be subtract
Page 66 and 67:
variety of ways. These range from r
Page 68 and 69: Table 3. Change in HFSE concentrati
Page 70 and 71: 0.90, corresponding to an anomalous
Page 72 and 73: 10 2 JDo-1 reference values 10 1 IF
Page 74 and 75: Figure 5. Diagram depicting various
Page 76 and 77: 20 18 basalt BHVO-2 (n=5) run preci
Page 78 and 79: The method precision for elements p
Page 80 and 81: Two approaches may be utilized to d
Page 82 and 83: For the more recent, full 32 elemen
Page 84 and 85: isotopic data for geologic CRMs, av
Page 86 and 87: Table 4. Interferences observed for
Page 88 and 89: value uncertainty (as %RSD) is repr
Page 90 and 91: 1.50 FeR-4 (n=2) 1.25 JUB / referen
Page 92 and 93: 1 IF-G/shale 0.1 0.01 La Ce Pr Nd P
Page 94 and 95: consistent (App. 1), and similar to
Page 96 and 97: 1.50 SGR-1b (n=3) 1.25 JUB / refere
Page 98 and 99: 1.50 JCh-1 (n=3) 1.25 JUB / referen
Page 100 and 101: 1.50 JDo-1 (n=5) 1.25 JUB / referen
Page 102 and 103: determinations in carbonate rocks r
Page 104 and 105: 1.50 JMn-1 (n=4) 1.25 JUB / referen
Page 106 and 107: eference value. The result is that
Page 108 and 109: eference value and the measured JUB
Page 110 and 111: the 32 analyzed elements, with Ti b
Page 112 and 113: Govindaraju K. (1995) 1995 working
Page 114 and 115: Appendix 1. Analytical data Appendi
Page 116 and 117: Appendix 1. Literature reference va
Page 120 and 121: the concentration of the major elem
Page 122 and 123: Potential interferences on monoisot
Page 124 and 125: 1500 0.5 M HCl 4.0 interference on
Page 126 and 127: 4000 0.40 0.20 3500 0.17 mg/kg 0.18
Page 128 and 129: interference on 95 Mo in sample sol
Page 130 and 131: THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
Page 132 and 133: Nd isotopes in 2.9 Ga Archean surfa
Page 136 and 137: Table 2 Trace element concentration
Page 152 and 153: Author's personal copy B.W. Alexand
Page 166 and 167: and preservation of oxide-facies IF
Page 168 and 169:
TOP relative stratigraphic position
Page 170 and 171:
The mechanism by which the alkali m
Page 172 and 173:
6. Widdel, F. et al. Ferrous iron o
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
82 PRESERVATION OF PRIMARY REE PATT
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184:
ulk, open ocean seawater tended to
show all

School of Engineering and Science - Jacobs University

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?