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4000 0.40 0.20 3500 0.17 mg/kg 0.18 0.35 interference on 89 Y in sample solution (cps) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0.5 M HCl 0.5 M HNO 3 0.13 mg/kg 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Fe 2 O 3 in sample powder (wt.%) 0.5 M HCl 0.5 M HNO 3 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 interference on 89 Y in sample powder (mg/kg) Figure A2.7. Interferences observed at mass 89 (Y) in both 0.5 M HCl and HNO 3 as a function of Fe content. Note right vertical axis denotes two concentration scales, dependent upon acid matrix. A minor 54 Fe 35 Cl interference exists in 0.5 M HCl, and interferences are linear, though small, for both acid matrices, perhaps reflecting small Y contamination in artificial Fe solution. Concentrations of Y in all Fe-rich CRMs are 8-12 mg/kg, suggesting that Fe-interferences in these CRMs are not significant. 12000 1.3 mg/kg 2.5 10000 1.2 interference on 90 Zr in sample solution (cps) 8000 6000 4000 2000 0.5 M HCl 0.5 M HNO 3 0.13 mg/kg 0 0 5 10 15 20 MnO in sample powder (wt.%) 0.5 M HCl 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.5 M HNO 3 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 interference on 90 Zr in sample powder (mg/kg) Figure A2.8. Interferences observed at mass 90 (Zr) in both 0.5 M HCl and HNO 3 as a function of MnO content. Note right vertical axis denotes two concentration scales, dependent upon acid matrix. A strong 55 Mn 35 Cl interference exists in 0.5 M HCl. Concentrations of MnO in Fe-Mn crusts (and Mn ores) may exceed 30%, and extrapolation of the data suggest possible interferences on 90 Zr of several mg/kg. 71
40000 35000 0.5 M HCl 20 18 interference on 91 Zr in sample solution (cps) 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 FeCl + CaOCl + 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 interference on 91 Zr in sample powder (mg/kg) 0 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 CaO, Fe 2 O 3 in sample powder (wt.%) Figure A2.9. Interferences observed at mass 91 (Zr) in 0.5 M HCl as a function of both Ca and Fe content. Interferences in HNO 3 acid not observed. Significant interferences produced at low concentrations (
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Iron sedimentation and the neodymiu
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The process(es) by which IFs were d
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This thesis represents original and
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viii
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goal of the research is to discern
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Figure 1. Map of southern Africa sh
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appropriate to briefly discuss: 1)
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100 10 MORB 1 0.1 raw data (mg/kg)
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10 -2 hydrothermal fluid 10 -3 10 -
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seawater and returned to the sedime
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100 MCO + 3 + M(CO 3 )- 2 rare eart
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net effect of carbonate complexatio
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feature was not recognized in early
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sound geochemical basis for anomalo
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deviation of the 143 Nd/ 144 Nd rat
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available, it should be possible to
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modern and Archean oceans, as well
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Bau M., Möller P., and Dulski P. (
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Elderfield H. and Greaves M.J. (198
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Haley B.A., Klinkhammer G.P. (2003)
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Lee J.H. and Byrne R.H. (1993) Comp
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Piepgras D.J. and Wasserburg G.J. (
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Tosiani T., Loubet M., Viers J., Va
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Abstract The benefits of inductivel
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List of Figures Figure 1. Sample de
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1. Introduction The advent of induc
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Figure 1. Flow-chart diagram of the
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during decomposition (SiF 4 and CO
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Fractionation between the three iso
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cps, then 3000 cps must be subtract
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variety of ways. These range from r
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Table 3. Change in HFSE concentrati
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0.90, corresponding to an anomalous
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10 2 JDo-1 reference values 10 1 IF
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Figure 5. Diagram depicting various
Page 76 and 77: 20 18 basalt BHVO-2 (n=5) run preci
Page 78 and 79: The method precision for elements p
Page 80 and 81: Two approaches may be utilized to d
Page 82 and 83: For the more recent, full 32 elemen
Page 84 and 85: isotopic data for geologic CRMs, av
Page 86 and 87: Table 4. Interferences observed for
Page 88 and 89: value uncertainty (as %RSD) is repr
Page 90 and 91: 1.50 FeR-4 (n=2) 1.25 JUB / referen
Page 92 and 93: 1 IF-G/shale 0.1 0.01 La Ce Pr Nd P
Page 94 and 95: consistent (App. 1), and similar to
Page 96 and 97: 1.50 SGR-1b (n=3) 1.25 JUB / refere
Page 98 and 99: 1.50 JCh-1 (n=3) 1.25 JUB / referen
Page 100 and 101: 1.50 JDo-1 (n=5) 1.25 JUB / referen
Page 102 and 103: determinations in carbonate rocks r
Page 104 and 105: 1.50 JMn-1 (n=4) 1.25 JUB / referen
Page 106 and 107: eference value. The result is that
Page 108 and 109: eference value and the measured JUB
Page 110 and 111: the 32 analyzed elements, with Ti b
Page 112 and 113: Govindaraju K. (1995) 1995 working
Page 114 and 115: Appendix 1. Analytical data Appendi
Page 116 and 117: Appendix 1. Literature reference va
Page 118 and 119: Appendix 1 continued. Data in mg/kg
Page 120 and 121: the concentration of the major elem
Page 122 and 123: Potential interferences on monoisot
Page 124 and 125: 1500 0.5 M HCl 4.0 interference on
Page 128 and 129: interference on 95 Mo in sample sol
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Page 132 and 133: Nd isotopes in 2.9 Ga Archean surfa
Page 136 and 137: Table 2 Trace element concentration
Page 152 and 153: Author's personal copy B.W. Alexand
Page 166 and 167: and preservation of oxide-facies IF
Page 168 and 169: TOP relative stratigraphic position
Page 170 and 171: The mechanism by which the alkali m
Page 172 and 173: 6. Widdel, F. et al. Ferrous iron o
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82 PRESERVATION OF PRIMARY REE PATT
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ulk, open ocean seawater tended to
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