School of Engineering and Science - Jacobs University

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List of Figures Figure 1. Sample decomposition methods………………………………………………….......3 Figure 2. Preparation of multi-element standards…………..………………………………... 10 Figure 3. Solutions used and analysis order for ICPMS measurements……............................12 Figure 4. ICPMS instrument quantification limits……………...……………………………. 17 Figure 5. Characterization of measures of analytical precision……………………………… 19 Figure 6. Average sample precision for different reference materials……...….…….............. 20 Figure 7. Average run precision for different reference materials…..………………….......... 21 Figure 8. Comparison of different measures of precision…………………............................. 22 Figure 9. Sample and method precision for HNO 3 carbonate decomposition……………….. 24 Figure 10. Analytical recovery for HNO 3 carbonate and HF-HClO 4 decompositions….......... 26 Figure 11. Mg and Ca interferences on 59 Co………………………….…………………….... 30 Figure 12. Analytical results for iron-formation FeR-2…………………………………….... 34 Figure 13. Analytical results for iron-formation FeR-4……………………………….……... 35 Figure 14. REY data for second lot of iron-formation IF-G………………………………..... 37 Figure 15. Analytical results for iron-formation IF-G………………………...……………....38 Figure 16. Analytical results for shale SCo-1………………………………………………... 40 Figure 17. Analytical results for shale SGR-1b……………………………….………............41 Figure 18. Analytical results for chert JCh-1…………………………………….…………... 43 Figure 19. Analytical results for dolomite JDo-1…….………………………………….........45 Figure 20. Comparison of JDo-1 HNO 3 carbonate and HF-HClO 4 decompositions………….46 Figure 21. Analytical results for Fe-Mn nodule JMn-1……………………………….............49 Figure 22. Analytical results for basalt BHVO-2……………………………………..……....50 iv
List of Tables Table 1. List of certified reference materials (CRMs)…………………………………….........4 Table 2. Isotopes monitored in ICPMS measurements and IQLs….……………………….... ..6 Table 3. Long term stability of HFSE in iron-formation IF-G….............................................. 13 Table 4. Major element interferences for low mass elements (
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Iron sedimentation and the neodymiu
Page 4 and 5: The process(es) by which IFs were d
Page 7: This thesis represents original and
Page 10 and 11: viii
Page 12 and 13: goal of the research is to discern
Page 14 and 15: Figure 1. Map of southern Africa sh
Page 16 and 17: appropriate to briefly discuss: 1)
Page 18 and 19: 100 10 MORB 1 0.1 raw data (mg/kg)
Page 20 and 21: 10 -2 hydrothermal fluid 10 -3 10 -
Page 22 and 23: seawater and returned to the sedime
Page 24 and 25: 100 MCO + 3 + M(CO 3 )- 2 rare eart
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Page 30 and 31: sound geochemical basis for anomalo
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Page 42 and 43: Haley B.A., Klinkhammer G.P. (2003)
Page 44 and 45: Lee J.H. and Byrne R.H. (1993) Comp
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Page 48 and 49: Tosiani T., Loubet M., Viers J., Va
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Page 52 and 53: Abstract The benefits of inductivel
Page 56 and 57: 1. Introduction The advent of induc
Page 58 and 59: Figure 1. Flow-chart diagram of the
Page 60 and 61: during decomposition (SiF 4 and CO
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Page 66 and 67: variety of ways. These range from r
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Page 72 and 73: 10 2 JDo-1 reference values 10 1 IF
Page 74 and 75: Figure 5. Diagram depicting various
Page 76 and 77: 20 18 basalt BHVO-2 (n=5) run preci
Page 78 and 79: The method precision for elements p
Page 80 and 81: Two approaches may be utilized to d
Page 82 and 83: For the more recent, full 32 elemen
Page 84 and 85: isotopic data for geologic CRMs, av
Page 86 and 87: Table 4. Interferences observed for
Page 88 and 89: value uncertainty (as %RSD) is repr
Page 90 and 91: 1.50 FeR-4 (n=2) 1.25 JUB / referen
Page 92 and 93: 1 IF-G/shale 0.1 0.01 La Ce Pr Nd P
Page 94 and 95: consistent (App. 1), and similar to
Page 96 and 97: 1.50 SGR-1b (n=3) 1.25 JUB / refere
Page 98 and 99: 1.50 JCh-1 (n=3) 1.25 JUB / referen
Page 100 and 101: 1.50 JDo-1 (n=5) 1.25 JUB / referen
Page 102 and 103: determinations in carbonate rocks r
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1.50 JMn-1 (n=4) 1.25 JUB / referen
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eference value. The result is that
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eference value and the measured JUB
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the 32 analyzed elements, with Ti b
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Govindaraju K. (1995) 1995 working
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Appendix 1. Analytical data Appendi
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Appendix 1. Literature reference va
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Appendix 1 continued. Data in mg/kg
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the concentration of the major elem
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Potential interferences on monoisot
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1500 0.5 M HCl 4.0 interference on
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4000 0.40 0.20 3500 0.17 mg/kg 0.18
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interference on 95 Mo in sample sol
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Nd isotopes in 2.9 Ga Archean surfa
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Table 2 Trace element concentration
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Author's personal copy B.W. Alexand
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and preservation of oxide-facies IF
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TOP relative stratigraphic position
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The mechanism by which the alkali m
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6. Widdel, F. et al. Ferrous iron o
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82 PRESERVATION OF PRIMARY REE PATT
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ulk, open ocean seawater tended to
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