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This thesis represents original and independently conducted research that has not been submitted to any other university for the conferral of a degree. Brian W. Alexander Bremen, Germany - Jan. 20, 2010 v
Page 1: Iron sedimentation and the neodymiu
Page 4 and 5: The process(es) by which IFs were d
Page 9 and 10: TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1. Introd
Page 11 and 12: Chapter 1. Introduction 1.1. Statem
Page 13 and 14: As a result of this approach, sligh
Page 15 and 16: 1.4. Research methods The research
Page 17 and 18: 4 Ce valency 3 Sc Lu Y La Eu 2 0.8
Page 19 and 20: 10 -2 360 °C hydrothermal fluid 10
Page 21 and 22: ~0.2 μm (Sholkovitz, 1995). The re
Page 23 and 24: sample/PAAS 10 -6 10 -7 deep water
Page 25 and 26: waters, as evidenced by the dominan
Page 27 and 28: 10 2 world seawater (x10 8 ) sample
Page 29 and 30: 6.2 La Ce Pr Nd PmSm Eu Gd Tb Dy Y
Page 31 and 32: 1000 chondrite-normalized 100 10 1
Page 33 and 34: 15 10 TAG hydrothermal fluid 5 depl
Page 35 and 36: 10 0 10 -1 Isua IF (3.8 Ga) Kuruman
Page 37 and 38: References Alibert, C., McCulloch,
Page 39 and 40: Byrne R.H. and Liu X. (1998) A coup
Page 41 and 42: German C. R., Campbell A.C., and Ed
Page 43 and 44: Jeandel, C., Bishop, K., Zindler, A
Page 45 and 46: Nelson D.R., Trendall A.F., de Laet
Page 47 and 48: Sholkovitz E.R., Shaw T.J., and Sch
Page 49 and 50: Chapter 2. Trace element analyses i
Page 51 and 52: Brian W. Alexander Trace element an
Page 53 and 54: Table of Contents List of Figures .
Page 55 and 56: List of Tables Table 1. List of cer
Page 57 and 58:
2. Sample preparation The majority
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Table 1. Certified reference materi
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Table 2. Elements analyzed in routi
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sample preparation methods are empl
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Figure 2. Diagram showing preparati
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Figure 3. Diagram depicting the ord
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solution, etc., are considered, the
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The second blank contribution to IC
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error propagation during the comple
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sample precision (%RSD) 20 19 18 17
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20 15 BHVO-2 (n=5) sample precision
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30 25 JDo-1 (n=3) sample precision
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1.35 1.30 1.25 1.20 1.15 HNO 3 carb
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considered more accurate and posses
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16000 0.5 M HCl matrix a 1.6 14000
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‘loss’ of these elements in dis
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1.50 FeR-2 (n=3) 1.25 JUB / referen
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espectively). Previous workers have
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1.50 IF-G (n=2) 1.25 JUB / referenc
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1.50 SCo-1 (n=4) 1.25 JUB / referen
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consistent with the average Ni conc
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7.5. Carbonate rocks A common type
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1.50 HF-HClO 4 carbonate (HNO 3 ) 1
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many trace metals, and therefore ma
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1.50 BHVO-2 (n=7) 1.25 JUB / refere
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Table 5. Select REY ratios and chon
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concentrations of these elements in
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References Abbey S., McLeod C.R., a
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Shafer J.T., Neal C.R., and Regelou
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for JMn-1 as described in Section 7
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Appendix 1 continued. Data in mg/kg
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Appendix 2. Interferences due to ma
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The case of Ni determinations in ca
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20000 0.5 M HCl 10 9 interference o
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1600 1400 0.5 M HCl 4.5 4.0 interfe
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40000 35000 0.5 M HCl 20 18 interfe
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Chapter 3. Continentally-derived so
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Available online at www.sciencedire
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380 B.W. Alexander et al. / Geochim
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Table 1 Major element data for iron
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Chapter 4. Neodymium isotopes in Ar
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Author's personal copy Earth and Pl
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Author's personal copy 146 B.W. Ale
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Chapter 5. Anoxygenic photoautotrop
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Anoxygenic photoautotrophs and the
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Table 1. Major and trace element co
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The Pongola shales are mineralogica
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supported by the lack of Th-U fract
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16. Watanabe Y., Naraoka, H., Wronk
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Chapter 6. Preservation of primary
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MICHAEL BAU AND BRIAN ALEXANDER 81
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Chapter 7. Concluding remarks The d
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